Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

amiphipathic molecule

A

both water loving (hydrophillic) and water fearing (hydrophobic) regions

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2
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

membrane is a mosaic of protein molecules bobbing in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids

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3
Q

integral proteins

A

penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer

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4
Q

transmembrane proteins

A

spam the membrane

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5
Q

peripheral proteins

A

not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all; loosely bound to the surface of the membrane

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6
Q

selective permeability

A

allows some substances to cross more easily than others

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7
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of particles of any substance so that they spread out into the available space

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8
Q

concentration gradient

A

region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases

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9
Q

passive transport

A

diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane

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10
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane, whether artificial or cellular

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11
Q

tonicity

A

the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

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12
Q

isotonic

A

iso (same; no net movement of water across the plasma membrane

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13
Q

hypertonic

A

hyper (more water)

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14
Q

hypotonic

A

hypo (less water)

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15
Q

osmoregulation

A

the control of solute concentrations and water balance

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16
Q

turgid

A

very firm

17
Q

flaccid

A

limp

18
Q

plasmolysis

A

as the plant cell shrivels, its plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall at multiple places (can lead to plant death)

19
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

molecules and ions blocked by the lipid bilayer of the membrane diffuse passively with the help of transport proteins that span the membrane

20
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

combinations of forces acting on an ion

21
Q

cotransport

A

a transport protein can couple the down hill diffusion of the solute to the uphill transport of a second substance against its own concentration gradient

22
Q

endocytosis

A

cell takes in molecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane

23
Q
A