Chapter 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of the structure of the body
Physiology
The study of the function of the body
Pathophysiology
Study of disorders of functioning
Inorganic chemicals
Simple molecules made of one or two elements other than carbon
Ex:Water, Hydrogen, Sodium
Cells
Smallest units of structure and functions
200 different cells
Tissue
is a group of cells with similar structures and functions
4 types
Epthelial tissues
cover or line the body surfaces
produce secretions
Ex:outer layer of skin
Connective tissues
connect and support parts of the body, some transport or store materials
Ex:Blood, bone, cartilage, adipose tissue
Muscle tissues
Specialized for contractions, which brings movement
Ex:Skeletal and heart
Smooth muscle tissue
found in organs
Ex:Urinary, bladder, and stomach
Nerve tissue
Specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses that regulate body functions
ex: Brain, optic nerves
Organ
group of tissues precisely arranged to accomplish functions
Ex:Kidneys, Liver, lungs, stomach
Organ system
Is a group of organs that all contribute to a particular function
Ex:Urinary system, digestive system
Integumentary system
protects body, as a barrier to pathogens
prevents excessive water loss
Ex:Ski, Subcutaneous tissue
Skeletal system
supports the body
protects internal organs and red bone marrow
provides framework to be moved by muscles
Ex: Bones, ligaments
Muscular system
moves skeleton or other body parts
produce heat
Ex: muscles, tendons
Nervous system
Decide how to use sensory information, regulates body functions such as movement
Ex:Brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes, ears
Endocrine system
regulates body functions such as growth, regulates metabolism
Ex:Thyroid gland, pituitary gland, ovaries or testes, pancreas
Circulatory system
transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste products
Ex:Heart, blood, arteries, veins
Lymphatic System
returns tissue fluid to blood
destroy pathogens that enter the body and provides immunity
Ex:Spleen, lymph nodes, thymus gland
Respiratory
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood
Ex:Lungs, trachea, larynx, diaphragm
digestive system
Changes food into simple chemicals that can be absorbed and used by the body
Ex: stomach, colon, liver, pancreas
Organic Chemicals
Often very complex and always contains the elements carbon and hydrogen
ex:carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids
Microbiome
enormous population if bacteria and other microorganisms called our microbiota
