Chapter 10&13 Pathologies

Question 0

Spina bifida

Answer 0

Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts

Question 1

Hydrocephalus

Answer 1

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain

Question 2

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 2

Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration, personality changes, and impairment of daily function

Question 3

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 3

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

Question 4

Epilepsy

Answer 4

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

Question 5

Huntington disease

Answer 5

Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration

Question 6

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 6

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neutrons in the CNS and it’s replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue

Question 7

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 7

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

Question 8

Palsy

Answer 8

Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)

Question 9

Parkinson disease

Answer 9

Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

Question 10

Tourette syndrome

Answer 10

Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words

Question 11

Herpes zoster (shingles)

Answer 11

Viral infecting affecting peripheral nerves

Question 12

Meningitis

Answer 12

Inflammation of the meninges;

Question 13

HIV

Answer 13

Brain disease and dementia occurring with aids

Question 14

Brain tumor

Answer 14

Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges

Question 15

Cerebral concussion

Answer 15

Type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head

Question 16

Cerebral contusion

Answer 16

Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head

Question 17

Cerebrovascular accident

Answer 17

Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

Question 18

Migraine

Answer 18

Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

Question 19

Anemia

Answer 19

Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Question 20

Aplastic anemia

Answer 20

Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

Question 21

Hemolytic anemia

Answer 21

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Question 22

Pernicious anemia

Answer 22

Lack of mature erythrocytes cussed by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

Question 23

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 23

Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis

Question 24

Thalassemia

Answer 24

Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia

Question 25

Hemochromatosis

Answer 25

Excess iron deposits throughout the body

Question 26

Polycythemia Vera

Answer 26

General increase in red blood cells

Question 27

Hemophilia

Answer 27

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors necessary for blood clotting

Question 28

Purpura

Answer 28

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Question 29

Leukemia

Answer 29

Increase in cancerous white blood cells

Question 30

Acute myelogenous leukemia

Answer 30

Immature granulocytes predominate

Question 31

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 31

Immature lymphocytes predominate

Question 32

Granulocytosis

Answer 32

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

Question 33

Mononucleosis

Answer 33

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Question 34

Multiple myeloma

Answer 34

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow