Chapter 15 Pathologies/Tests

Question 1

Ewing Sarcoma

Answer 1

Rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children

Question 2

Exostosis

Answer 2

Bon growth arising form the surface of bone

Question 3

Fracture

Answer 3

Traumatic Breaking of a bone

Question 4

Osteogenic Sarcoma

Answer 4

Common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents

Question 5

Osteomalacia

Answer 5

Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone

Question 6

Osteomyelitis

Answer 6

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Question 7

Osteoporosis

Answer 7

Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone

Question 8

Talipes

Answer 8

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot

Question 9

Arthritis

Answer 9

Inflammation of a joint

Question 10

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Answer 10

Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

Question 11

gouty arthritis

Answer 11

Inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

Question 12

Osteoarthritis

Answer 12

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces

Question 13

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 13

Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

Question 14

Bunion

Answer 14

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe

Question 15

Carpa tunnel syndrome

Answer 15

Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

Question 16

Dislocation

Answer 16

Displacement of a bone from its joint

Question 17

Ganglion cyst

Answer 17

Fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand

Question 18

Herniation of an intervertebral disk

Answer 18

Abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

Question 19

Lyme disease

Answer 19

Disorder marked by arthritis myalgia and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick

Question 20

Sprain

Answer 20

Trauma to igametns without ruptrue

Question 21

Systemic Lupus erythematosus

Answer 21

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system, heart and lungs

Question 22

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 22

Group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

Question 23

Polymyositis

Answer 23

Chronic inflammatory myopathy

Question 24

Antinuclear antibody test

Answer 24

Detects an antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases

Question 25

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Answer 25

measure time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube

Question 26

rheumatoid factor test

Answer 26

Serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Question 27

serum calcium

Answer 27

measurement of calcium level in serum

Question 28

serum creatine kinase

Answer 28

measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum

Question 29

Uric acid test

Answer 29

Measurement of uric acid in serum

Question 30

Arthrocentesis

Answer 30

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

Question 31

Arthrography

Answer 31

Taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint

Question 32

Arthroplasty

Answer 32

surgical repair of a joint

Question 33

Arthroscopy

Answer 33

Visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope and television camera

Question 34

bone density test

Answer 34

low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and writs is used to measure bone mass

Question 35

bone scan

Answer 35

uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone

Question 36

computed tomography

Answer 36

x-ray beam and computer provide cross sectional and other iamges

Question 37

diskography

Answer 37

x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intrevertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus puposus

Question 38

electromyography

Answer 38

recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation

Question 39

magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 39

magnetic field creates images of soft tissue

Question 40

muscle biopsy

Answer 40

removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination