Chapter 21 Stuff

Question 1

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

Drug effects on the body

Question 2

Medicinal Chemistry

Answer 2

New drug synthesis

Question 3

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

Drug’s absorption, distribution metabolism, and excretion over time

Question 4

Molecular Pharmacology

Answer 4

Interaction of drugs and components inside the cell or on the cell surface

Question 5

Chemotherapy

Answer 5

Use of drugs in treatment of cancer and infectious disease

Question 6

Toxicology

Answer 6

Studies of harmful effects of drugs on the body

Question 7

Pharmacy

Answer 7

Drugstore, where a pharmacist prepares and dispenses drugs

Question 8

Food and Drug Administration

Answer 8

-legal responsibility for deciding whether a drug may be disseminated and sold

Question 9

United States Pharmacopeia

Answer 9

Reviews and appraises drugs effectiveness

Question 10

Chemical Name

Answer 10

Exact chemical makeup of a drug

Question 11

Brand name

Answer 11

Private property of individual drug manufacturer

Question 12

Generic name

Answer 12

shorter, less complicated, identifies drug legally and scientifically

Question 13

Oral Administration

Answer 13

Given by mouth

Question 14

Sublingual Administration

Answer 14

Drugs placed under tongue and dissolve in saliva

-ex: nitroglycerin for angina

Question 15

Rectal Administration

Answer 15

Suppositories and aqueous solutions inserted into rectum

Question 16

Parenteral Administration

Answer 16

Injection of drug from a syringe

Question 17

Intracavitary Instillation

Answer 17

• Parental

- Injection into a body cavity

Question 18

Intradermal Injection

Answer 18

• Parental

- Made into the upper layers of the skin

Question 19

Subcutaneous Injection

Answer 19

• Parenteral

- small needle placed into subcutaneous tissue

Question 20

Inhalation

Answer 20

Vapors or gasses taken into the nose or mouth

Question 21

Topical Application

Answer 21

Drugs applied locally on skin or mucous membrane of the body

-ointments, creams, lotions

Question 22

Additive Action

Answer 22

Combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each

Question 23

Synergism

Answer 23

Combination of two drugs causes an effect greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug

Question 24

Response

Answer 24

Desired and beneficial effect of a drug

Question 25

Tolerance

Answer 25

Effects of a given dose diminish as treatment continues. Increasing amounts are needed to produce the same affect

Question 26

Idiosyncrasy

Answer 26

Unpredictable drug toxicity.

Question 27

Contraindications

Answer 27

Factors in a patient's condition that make the use of a drug dangerous

Question 28

Resistance

Answer 28

Lack of beneficial response | -drugs that used to be effective are unable to control the disease process in a patient

Question 29

Analgesics

Answer 29

A drug that lessens pain

Question 30

Narcotics, Opioids

Answer 30

- More potent analgesics - May induce a stupor - Only used to relieve severe pain

Question 31

Anesthetics

Answer 31

Reduces or eliminates sensation | -General anesthetics are used for surgical procedures

Question 32

Antibiotics and Antifungals

Answer 32

Inhibits or kills bacteria | Treats fungal infections

Question 33

Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets

Answer 33

Prevents clotting

Question 34

Anticonvulsants

Answer 34

Prevents, reduces the frequency of convulsions in various types of seizure disorders or epilepsy -depress abnormal spontaneous activity of the brain arising form ares of scar or tumor, without affecting normal brain function

Question 35

Antidepressant

Answer 35

Treat symptoms of depression | -elevate mood, increase physical activity and mental alertness, improve appetite and sleep patterns

Question 36

Anti-Alzheimer

Answer 36

treat symptoms of alzheimers

Question 37

Antidiabetics

Answer 37

Used to treat Diabetes Mellitus

Question 38

Antihistamines

Answer 38

Block the cation of histmine

Question 39

Cardiovascular Drugs

Answer 39

Act on the heart or blood vessels to treat hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias

Question 40

Angiotensin-Converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Answer 40

(CD) Dilate blood vessels to lower blood pressure, improve heart performance, and reduce workload -reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and death

Question 41

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Answer 41

(CD) Lower blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels

Question 42

Antiarrhythmics

Answer 42

(CD) Reverse abnormal heart rhythms

Question 43

Beta-blockers

Answer 43

(CD) decrease muscular tone in blood vessels, slow heart rate, decrease output of the heart, and reduce blood pressure

Question 44

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 44

(CD) dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure and are used to treat angina and arrhythmias. Inhibit entry of calcium into muscles of the heart and blood vessels

Question 45

Cardiac glycosides

Answer 45

(CD) Made from digitalis (foxglove) | -increase the force of contraction of the heart and treat heart failure and Afib

Question 46

Cholesterol-binding drugs

Answer 46

(CD) bind to dietary cholesterol and prevent its uptake from the gastrointestinal tract

Question 47

Chloesterol-lowering drugs

Answer 47

(CD) control hypercholesterolemia | -reduce cholesterol production in the liver

Question 48

Diuretics

Answer 48

(CD) Reduce the volume of blood in the body by promoting kidney to remove water and salt through urine

Question 49

Endocrine drugs

Answer 49

Act similarly to naturally occurring hormones

Question 50

Gastrointestinal drugs

Answer 50

relieve uncomfortable and potentially dangerous symptoms

Question 51

Respiratory Drugs

Answer 51

Prescribed fro the treatment of asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and bronchospasm - bronchodilators - steroids - leukotriene modifiers (prevent asthma attacks)

Question 52

Sedative-Hypnotics

Answer 52

medication that depress the central nervous system and promote drowsiness and sleep -insomnia, sleep disorders

Question 53

Stimulants

Answer 53

acton the brain to speed up vital processes (heart and respiration) in cases of shock and collapse

Question 54

Tranquilizers

Answer 54

Control anxiety