Chapter 10 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Altruistic
Motivated by the desire to improve another’s welfare
Audience Inhibition
Reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers
Bystander Effect
The effect whereby the presence of others inhibits helping
Diffusion of Responsibility
The belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need
Egoistic
Motivated by the desire to improve one’s own welfare
Empathy
Understanding or vicariously experiencing another individual’s perspective and feeling sympathy and compassion for that individual
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
The proposition that empathetic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping
Identity Fusion
A strong sense of ‘‘oneness’’ and shared identity with a group and its individual members
Kin Selection
Preferential helping of genetic relatives, which results in the greater likelihood that genes held in common
Negative State Relief Model
The proposition that people help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness
Pluralistic Ignorance
The state in which people in a group mistakenly think that their own individual thoughts, feelings, or behaviours are different from those of the others in the group
Prosocial Behaviours
Actions intended to benefit others
Reciprocal Altruism
Altruism that involves an individual helping another (despite some immediate risk or cost) and becoming more likely to receive help from the other in return
Reluctant Altruism
Altruistic kinds of behaviour that result from pressure from peers or other sources of direct social influence
Diffusion of Responsability
A person collapses on a busy sidewalk, but no one stops to help because everyone assumes someone else will. This is an example of…
They feel empathy for the older lady in need and genuinely want to reduce their suffering
As you are exiting a grocery store, you see an older lady on her own struggling to carry her shopping bags. According to Batson’s empathy-altruism hypothesis, what is the most likely reason you’d help her?
Kin Selection Theory
Linda’s sister and Linda’s girlfriend of 6 months get caught in a dangerous riptide - Linda, who is a life guard, first rescues her sister from the rip tide before trying to help her girlfriend. This is an example of…
True
Religious people are more likely to help members of their religious ingroups than religious outgroups. TRUE or FALSE.
We are wired to avoid losses
What does prospect theory say about humans ‘wiring’?
Yes- if we spend our money on other people, rather than ourselves
Can money buy happiness?
Small nudges, such as watching a video about poverty
What method is described for making wealthy people act as empathetically as poorer people?
Negative State Relief Model
Seeing someone in distress makes them feel uncomfortable, and helping reduces their own negative emotions
Language: people who speak languages that don’t differentiate between the future and present save more money
Why is there such radically different money saving behaviours across similarly wealthy nations?
Monkeys are just as risk averse as humans
How monkeys approach the concept of money.
