Chapter 2 Flashcards
(54 cards)
Applied Research
Research whose goal is to make applications to the world and contribute to the solution of social problems
Basic Research
Research whose goal is to increase the understanding of human behaviour, often by testing hypotheses based on a theory
Bogus Pipeline Technique
A procedure in which research participants are (falsely) led to believe that their responses will be verified by an infallible lie detector
Confederates
Accomplice of an experimenter who, in dealing with the real participants in an experiment, acts as if he or she is also a participant
Confound
A factor other than the independent variable that varies between the conditions of an experiment, thereby calling into question what caused any effects on the dependent variable
Construct Validity
The extent to which the measures used in a study measure the variables they were designed to measure and the manipulations in an experiment manipulate the variables they were designed to manipulate
Correlation Coefficients
A statistical measure of the strength and direction of the association between two variables
Correlational Research
Research designed to measure the association between variables that are not manipulated by the researcher
Debriefing
A disclosure, made to participants after research procedures are completed, in which the researcher explains the purpose of the research, attempts to resolve any negative feelings, and emphasizes the scientific contribution made by the participants’ involvement
Deception
In the context of research, a method that provides false information to participants
Dependent Variables
In an experiment, a factor that experimenters measure to see if it is affected by the independent variable
Experiment
A form of research that can demonstrate causal relationships because (1) the experimenter has control over the events that occur and (2) participants are randomly assigned to conditions
Experimental Realism
The degree to which experimental procedures are involving to participants and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously
Experimenter Expectancy Effects
The effects produced when an experimenter’s expectations about the results of an experiment affect his or her behaviour toward a participant and thereby influence the participant’s responses
External Validity
The degree to which there can be reasonable confidence that the results of a study would be obtained for other people and in other situations
Hypothesis
A testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur
Independent Variables
In an experiment, a factor that experimenters manipulate to see if it affects the dependent variable
Informed Consent
An individual’s deliberate, voluntary decision to participate in research, based on the researcher’s description of what will be required during such participants
Internal Validity
The degree to which there can be reasonable certainty that the independent variables in an experiment caused the effects obtained on the dependent variables
Interrater Reliability
The degree to which different observers agree on their observations
Meta-Analysis
A set of statistical procedures used to review a body of evidence by combining the results of individual studies to measure the overall reliability and strength of particular effects
Mundane Realism
The degree to which the experimental situation ressembles places and events in the real world
Operational Definition
The specific procedures for manipulating or measuring a conceptual variable
Preregistration
The practice of researchers reporting their research design, predictions, and plans for data analyses before conducting their study
