Chapter 3 Flashcards
(50 cards)
Affective Forecasting
The process of predicting how one would feel in response to future emotional events
Bask in Reflected Glory (BIRG)
To increase self-esteem by associating with others who are successful
Dialecticism
An Eastern system of thought that accepts the coexistence of contradictory characteristics within a single person
Downward Social Comparisons
The defensive tendency to compare ourselves with others who are worse off than we are
-We engage in this when our goal is to make ourselves feel better
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
The hypothesis that changes in facial expression can lead to corresponding changes in emotion
Implicit Egotism
A nonconscious form of self-enhancement
Overjustification Effect
The tendency for intrinsic motivation to diminish for activities that have become associated with reward or other extrinsic factors
Private Self-Consciousness
A personality characteristic of individuals who are introspective, often attending to their own inner states
Public Self-Consciousness
A personality characteristic of individuals who focus on themselves as social objects, as seen by others
Self-Awareness Theory
The theory that self-focused attention leads people to notice self-discrepancies, thereby motivating either an escape from self-awareness or a change in behaviour
Self-Concept
The sum total of an individual’s beliefs about his or her own personal attributes
Self-Esteem
An affective component of the self, consisting of a person’s positive and negative self-evaluations
Self-Handicapping
Behaviours designed to sabotage one’s own performance in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failure
Self-Monitoring
The tendency to change behaviour in response to the self-presentation concerns of the situation
Self-Perception Theory
The theory that when internal cues are difficult to interpret, people gain self-insight by observing their own behaviour
Self-Presentation
Strategies people use to shape what others think of them
Self-Regulation
The process by which people control their thoughts, feelings, or behaviour in order to achieve a personal or social goal
Self-Schemas
A belief people hold about themselves that guides the processing of self-relevant information
-Categorization
-Constantly updating
Social Comparison Theory
The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others
Sociometer Theory
The theory that self-esteem is a gauge that monitors our social interactions and sends us signals as to whether our behaviour is acceptable to others
Terror Management Theory
The theory that humans cope with the fear of their own death by constructing worldviews that help to preserve their self-esteem
Two-Factor Theory of Emotion
The theory that the experience of emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal
18-year-olds predicted they would change very little, whereas 28-year-olds reported they had changed a lot
PODCAST: Dr. Gilbert conducted a study in which 18-year-olds were asked to predict how much they would change in the next 10 years. What were the results of the study?
Hope
PODCAST: Which emotion is more effective in inducing actions from others?
