Chapter 11

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

Behaviour intended to harm another individual

Question 2

Catharsis

Answer 2

A reduction of the motive to aggress that is said to result from any imagined, observed, or actual act of aggression

Question 3

Corporal Punishment

Answer 3

Physical force (such as spanking or hitting) intended to cause a child pain- but not injury- for the purpose of controlling or correcting the child’s behaviour

Question 4

Culture of Honor

Answer 4

A culture that emphasizes honor and social status, particularly for males, and the role of aggression in protecting that honor

Question 5

Cycle of Violence

Answer 5

The transmission of domestic violence across generations

Question 6

Dark Triad

Answer 6

A set of 3 traits that are associated with higher levels of aggressiveness : machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism

Question 7

Displacement

Answer 7

Aggressing against a substitute target because aggressive acts against the source of the frustration are inhibited by fear or lack or access

Question 8

Executive Functioning

Answer 8

The cognitive abilities and processes that allow humans to plan or inhibit their actions

Question 9

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Answer 9

The idea that (1) frustration always elicits the motive to aggress and that (2) all aggression is caused by frustration

Question 10

Hostile Attribution Bias

Answer 10

The tendency to perceive hostile intent in others

Question 11

Pornography

Answer 11

Explicit sexual material

Question 12

Proactive Aggression

Answer 12

Aggressive behaviour whereby harm is inflicted as a means to a desired end (also called intrumental aggression)

Question 13

Reactive Aggression

Answer 13

Aggressive behaviour where the means and the end coincide; harm is inflicted for its own sake

Question 14

Rumination

Answer 14

In the context of aggression, rumination involves repeatedly thinking about and reliving an anger-inducing event, focusing on angry thoughts and feelings, and perhaps even planning or imagining revenge

Question 15

Social Learning Theory

Answer 15

The theory that behaviour is learned through the observation of others as well as through the direct experience of rewards and punishments

Question 16

Weapons Effect

Answer 16

The tendency that the likelihood of aggression will increase by the mere presence of weapons

Question 17

the tendency to perceive others’ intent as hostile

Answer 17

Hostile attribution bias is…

Question 18

True

Answer 18

In virtually every culture, males are more violent than females. TRUE OR FALSE.

Question 19

Ixtali

Answer 19

According to the textbook, this is not an example of a nonviolent society..

Question 20

Behaviour intended to harm another individual

Answer 20

What is aggression?

Question 21

False

Answer 21

Drugs that boost serotonin’s activity can increase aggressiveness. TRUE OR FALSE.

Question 22

Smoking

Answer 22

What has not been shown to increase aggression?

Question 23

False

Answer 23

Cultures of honor is a uniquely American phenomenon. TRUE OR FALSE.

Question 24

Someone who scores low on agreeableness and high on neuroticism

Answer 24

What type of individual is most likely to be aggressive?

Question 25

Social learning theory

Answer 25

As a child, Isabel's parents were physically aggressive toward one another. When Isabel grew up and got married, she tended to be physically aggressive toward her partner. This can be explained by..

Question 26

Casey is jealous and strikes at his lover in rage (no goal?)

Answer 26

What is NOT an example of instrumental aggression?