Chapter 6 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Attitude
A positive, negative, or mixed reaction to a person, object, or idea
Attitude Scales
A multiple-item questionnaire designed to measure a person’s attitude toward some object
Bogus Pipeline
A phony lie-detector device that is sometimes used to get respondents to give truthful answers to sensitive questions
Central Route to Persuasion
The process by which a person thinks carefully about a communication and is influenced by the strength of its arguments
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Theory holding that inconsistent cognitions arouses psychological tension that people become motivated to reduce
Elaboration
The process of thinking about and scrutinizing the arguments contained in a persuasive communication
Evaluative Conditioning
The process by which we form an attitude toward a neutral stimulus because of its association with a positive or negative person, place, or thing
Facial Electromyograph (EMG)
An electronic instrument records facial muscle activity associated with emotions and attitudes
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
A covert measure of unconscious attitudes derived from the speed at which people respond to pairings of concepts - such as black or white with good or bad
Implicit Attitudes
An attitude, such as prejudice, that one is not aware of having
Inoculation Hypothesis
The idea that exposure to weak versions of a persuasive argument increases later resistance to that argument
Insufficient Deterrence
A condition in which people refrain from engaging in a desirable activity, even when only mild punishment is threatened
Insufficient Justification
A condition in which people freely perform an attitude-discrepant behaviour without receiving a large reward
Need for Cognition (NC)
A personality variable that distinguishes people on the basis of how much they enjoy effortful cognitive activities
Peripheral Route to Persuasion
The process by which a person does not think carefully about a communication and is influenced instead by superficial cues
Persuasion
The process by which attitudes are changed
Psychological Reactance
The theory that people react against threats to their freedom by asserting themselves and perceiving the threatened freedom as more attractive
Sleeper Effect
A delayed increase in the persuasive impact of a non-credible source
Theory of Planned Behaviour
The theory that attitudes toward a specific behaviour combine with subjective norms and perceived control to influence a person’s actions
-‘‘I was so sick so I had no choice but to play it safe’’
-‘‘Insects are not food’’
-‘‘I don’t really like to try new food when abroad’’
Travis likes to think of himself as someone who tries new food when abroad. On a trip to Botswana, however, he turned down the opportunity to taste some fried insects. In order to reduce dissonance, Travis could say :
It is extremely difficult to remove the effect of culture when people are living in that same culture
According to the podcast, Mahzarin Banaji believes that implicit bias cannot be easily erased because
-Sally attended the same university as him
-He is physically attractive
-He makes a series of arguments as to why she should join the campaign
Eric is trying to persuade Sally to join his D+D campaign. He is likely to succeed if
People might act differently on a test as compared to a real-world situation
According to the podcast, Phil Tetlock is not a fan of the IAT. This is because
The better boys in that country did on the mathematics test
According to the podcast, Brian Nosek and colleagues found that the stronger the association of male with science in a country,
