Chapter 10 (4) Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
ur/o-
A
urinary system; urine
2
Q
what is glomerulonephritis
A
infection and inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
3
Q
glomerulo
A
glomerulus
4
Q
nephro
A
nephron
5
Q
what is hydronephrosis
A
condition in which urine distends the renal pelvis and calices or ureter
6
Q
when does hydronephrosis occur
A
when a blood clot, infection, or kidney stone blocks the flow of urine
7
Q
what is nephrolithiasis
A
formation of a kidney stone in urinary system that can cause severe pain
8
Q
what is a calculus
A
kidney stone
9
Q
lith/o
A
stone
10
Q
-iasis
A
process or state
11
Q
what is nephropathy
A
any disease of the kidney
12
Q
what is nephroptosis
A
abnormally low position of a kidney
13
Q
-ptosis
A
state of drooping
14
Q
what is polycystic kidney disease
A
hereditary disease characterized by cysts in the kidney
15
Q
what is pyelonephritis
A
infection and inflammation of the renal pelvis of the kidney
16
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
17
Q
what is renal cell cancer
A
cancerous tumor that begins in epithelial cells in tubules of the nephron
18
Q
what is renal failure
A
disease in which urine production decreases and may even stop
19
Q
AKI
A
acute kidney injury
20
Q
CKD
A
chronic kidney disease
21
Q
what causes AKI
A
trauma, blood loss, overwhelming infection
22
Q
what causes CKD
A
renal insufficiency progressing to renal failure
23
Q
what is uremia
A
condition in which there is excessive buildup of urea in the blood due to renal failure
24
Q
UTI
A
urinary tract infection
25
what is a urinary tract infection
bacterial infection somewhere in urinary tract
26
what are the two combining forms that mean bladder
cyst/o (diseases of bladder)
vesic/o (adj of bladder)
27
what is bladder cancer
presence of cancerous tumor in epithelial cells of bladder
28
what is cystitis
infection or inflammation of the bladder
29
cyst/o
bladder
30
what is cystocele
hernia in which bladder bulges through a weakness in the muscular wall of the vagina or rectum, causing retention of urine inside hernia
31
-cele
hernia
32
what is incontinence
inability to voluntarily keep urine in the bladder
33
SUI
stress urinary incontinence
34
what is SUI caused by
weak pelvic floor muscles
35
in-
not
36
contin/o
hold together
37
-ence
state
38
what is neurogenic bladder
condition in which nerves to the bladder are not working properly
39
neur/o
nerve
40
gen/o
arising from
41
what is overactive bladder
condition in which bladder has too many involuntary contractions resulting in urgency and frequency
42
what is urinary retention
inability to empty the bladder
43
what is a vesicovaginal fistula
abnormal passageway connecting the bladder to the vagina where urine will flow and continually leak out of the body through the vagina
44
vesici/o
bladder
45
vagin/o
vagina
46
what is urethritis
infection or inflammation of the urethra
47
what is albuminuria
presence of albumin in the urine
aka proteinuria
48
what is anuria
complete absence of urine production by the kidneys
49
an-
not
50
what is bacteriuria
presence of bacteria in urine
51
what is dysuria
difficult or painful urination
52
what is enuresis
involuntary release of urine
53
enur/o
urinate
54
-esis
abnormal
55
what is frequency
urinating often usually in small amounts
56
what is glycosuria
presence of glucose in the urine
57
glyc/o
glucose
58
what is hematuria
blood in the urine
59
what is hesitancy
inability to initiate a normal stream of urine
60
what is ketonuris
presence of ketones in the urine
61
what is nocturia
increased frequency and urgency of urination at night
62
noct/o
night
63
what is oliguria
decreased or scanty production of urine due to kidney failure or dehydration
64
olig/o
few or scanty
65
what is polyuria
excessive urine production
66
what is pyuria
presence of white blood cells or pus in the urine; indicative of UTI
67
py/o
pus
68
what is urgency
strong urge to urinate
69
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
70
what is a blood urea nitrogen test
blood test that measures the amount of urea in blood
- elevated levels mean kidneys are not working properly
71
what is creatinine test
blood test that measures amount of creatinine in the blood
- elevated levels mean kidneys are not working properly
72
what is a culture and sensitivity test
test in which urine sample is swabbed so that any bacteria present can be identify
bacteria are then tested to determine their sensitivity to various antibiotics
73
C&S
culture and sensitivity
74
what is a drug screening
urine test performed to evaluate whether an individual is using illegal, addictive, or performance-enhancing drugs
75
what is a leukocyte esterase test
quick urine dipstick test that detects the enzyme esterase which is associated with the white blood cells that are present with a UTI
76
what is a urinalysis
urine test that describes the general characteristics of a patients urine and detects substances in it
77
UA
urinealysis
78
what are the components of a UA
color, odor, pH, sediment content, specific gravity
glucose, ketones, RBC, WBC, proteins
79
what does albumin in the urine mean
damage to glomerulus
80
what does normal urine look like
light yellow to amber in color
81
what does glucose in urine indicate
uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
82
what do ketones in urine indicate
uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or malnutrition
83
what does fruity-smelling urine suggest
diabetes mellitus
84
what is the normal urine pH
slightly alkaline - pH just over 7
85
what do RBC in urine indicate
bleeding in urinary tract
86
what can crystals in urine form
kidney stones
87
are epithelial cells a normal finding in urine
yes because they are continually shed in the urinary tract
88
what is the specific gravity of urine
measurement of the concentration of urine as compared to that of water
89
SG, sp gr
specific gravity
90
what do the presence of WBC in urine indicate
urinary tract infection
91
IVP
intravenous pyelography
92
what is intravenous pyelography
radiologic procedure that uses x rays and contrast dye to visualize urinary system
93
what is a kidneys, ureters, bladder x ray
x ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder that shows only those structures and does not use contrast dye
94
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
95
what is renal angiography
procedure that used x rays and radiopaque contrast dye to produce images of the renal artery
96
what is ultrasonography
use of high frequency sound waves to produce an image of urinary system
97
VCUG
voiding cystourethrography
98
what is voiding cystourethrography
procedure in which contrast dye is inserted into bladder through a catheter
99
what is catheterization
insertion of flexible tube through urethra and into bladder to drain urine
100
what is dialysis
procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient who is in renal failure
101
dia
complete
102
-lysis
breakdown
103
I&O
intake and output
104
what is intake and output
procedure that documents a patients total amount of fluid intake and total amount of fluid output over course of a day
105
what is a urine specimen
process of collecting a patients urine for testing
106
what do antibiotics treat
treat UTIs caused by bacteria
107
what do antispasmodics do
relax smooth muscle in the walls of the urinary tract
108
what do diuretics do
block sodium reabsorption in the kidney which decreased blood volume and increases urine volume
109
what do overactive bladder drugs do
decrease contractions of smooth muscle in bladder
110
what do potassium supplements do
replace potassium that is lost when taking diuretic drugs
111
what do urinary analgesics do
relieve pain in the mucosa of the urinary tract
112
what is a bladder neck suspension
procedure to correct stress urinary incontinence
113
what is a cystectomy
surgical removal of bladder
114
what is cystoscopy
use of an instrument called a cystoscope to examine inside of the bladder
115
cysto
cystoscopy
116
what is kidney transplantation
procedure to treat a patient in end-stage renal failure by transplanting a new kidney from a donor
117
what is a lithotripsy
procedure that uses a laser or sound waves to break up a kidney stone
118
-tripsy
process of crushing
119
what is a nephrectomy
surgical removal of a diseased or cancerous kidney
120
what is a nephrolithotomy
procedure in which an endoscope is inserted into kidney through slit in the skin then used to remove a stone embedded in renal pelvis or calices
121
what is nephropexy
surgical correction of an abnormally low kidney by suturing it into correct position
122
-pexy
fixing in place
123
what is renal biopsy
procedure in which a small piece of kidney is removed for microscopic analysis
124
what is stone basketing
procedure in which a cystoscope is inserted into the bladder then a wire basket is passed through the scope to grab and remove kidney stones from the bladder
125
what is a urethroplasty
plastic surgery procedure to reposition the urethral meatus in male patients
126
-plasty
process of reshaping by surgery
127
epi-
above
128
spad/o
opening
129
TNTC
too numerous to count
