Chapter 5 (3) Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
what is acute coronary syndrome
A
a condition that occurs if the flow of oxygenated blood through a coronary artery is limited by a clot or atherosclerosis
2
Q
what is ischemia
A
blocking of blood flow
3
Q
what is angina pectoris
A
chest pain caused by ischemia
4
Q
angin/o-
A
strangling
5
Q
pector/o-
A
chest
6
Q
what is cardiomegaly
A
enlargement of the heart, usually due to congestive heart failure
7
Q
cardi/o-
A
heart
8
Q
-megaly
A
englargement
9
Q
what is cardiomyopathy
A
condition of the heart muscle that includes cardiomegaly and heart failure
10
Q
my/o-
A
muscle
11
Q
-pathy
A
disease
12
Q
what is congestive heart failure (CHF)
A
inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood
13
Q
what is endocarditis
A
infection and inflammation of the endocardium that lines a heart valve
- occurs in patients who have a structural defect of the valve
14
Q
end/o
A
innermost, within
15
Q
-itis
A
infection/inflammation
16
Q
what is a mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
A
structural abnormality in which the leaflets of the mitral valve do not close tightly
- can be congenital or result of infection
17
Q
what is a murmur
A
an abnormal heart sound that is heard as blood leaks through a defective valve; described by volume and its sound
18
Q
what is a myocardial infarction (MI)
A
death of tissue in the myocardium due to severe lack of oxygen (heart attack)
19
Q
-al
A
pertaining to
20
Q
what is pericarditis
A
infection or inflammation of the pericardial sac
21
Q
peri-
A
around
22
Q
what is an aneurysm
A
an area of dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery
23
Q
what is arteriosclerosis
A
a progressive degenerative disease that produces narrowed, hardened artery walls
24
Q
arteri/o
A
artery
25
scler/o-
hardening
26
-osis
abnormal condition
27
what is atherosclerosis
fatty deposits in the walls of arteries that can restrict blood flow
28
ather/o
soft, fatty substance
29
what is coronary artery disease
arteriosclerosis that occurs in the coronary arteries
30
what is hyperlipidemia
presence of elevated fat levels in the blood
31
what is hypercholesterolemia
high cholesterol levels
32
what is hypertriglyceridemia
high triglyceride levels
33
what is hypertension (HTN)
elevated blood pressure of greater than 120/80 mmHg
34
tens/o
pressure
35
what is hypotension
decreased blood pressure of less than 90/60 mmHg that is usually caused by a loss of blood pressure
36
what is peripheral artery disease
arteriosclerosis in the legs that may cause intermittent calf pain and cyanosis of the toes and feet
37
what is phlebitis
infection or inflammation of a vein
38
phleb/o
vein
39
what does thrombophlebitis involve
presence of a clot
40
what is raynaud disease
sudden severe vasoconstriction of arterioles in the fingers or toes causing them to turn white or cyanotic
41
what are varicose veins
condition in which damaged valves in a vein allow the backflow of blood, causing the vein to become distended and twisted
42
varic/o
enlarged, tortuous vein
43
what is arrhythmia
any type of irregular rate or rhythm of the heart
44
what is bradycardia
an arrhythmia in which the heart beats too slowly
45
a-
without
46
rrhythm/o-
rhythm
47
-ia
condition
48
brady-
slow
49
what is fibrillation
an arrhythmia in which there is a very fast, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium
50
fibrill/o-
muscle or nerve fiber
51
-ation
process
52
what is a flutter
arrhythmia that involves a very fast but regular rhythm of the atria or ventricles (up to 250 bpm)
53
what is tachycardia
arrhythmia in which there is a fast but regular rhythm (up to 200 bpm)
54
tachy-
fast
55
what is asystole
complete absence of a heartbeat
aka cardiac arrest
56
-systole
process of contraction
57
what is a cardiac enzyme test
blood test that measures levels of two enzymes released when myocardial cells die
58
what is a c-reactive protein test
blood test that measures the level of inflammation in the body
59
what is a homocysteine test
blood test that measures levels of the amino acid homocysteine
60
what does elevated levels of homocysteine increase risk of
arteriosclerosis, clots, heart attack, stroke
61
what is a lipid profile test
blood test that measures levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins
62
what is a troponin test
blood test that measures levels of two proteins released when myocardial cells die
(troponin levels rise 4-6 hrs after MI and remain elevated for 1-2 weeks)
63
what is a cardiac catheterization
procedure to study anatomy and pressures in the heart
64
catheter/o
catheter
65
-ization
process of inserting or creating
66
what is a cardiac exercise stress test
procedure to evaluate the heart's response to exercise in patients with chest pain, palpitations, or arrhythmias
67
what is electrocardiography
procedure that records the hearts electrical activity
68
electro
electricity
69
what is a holter monitor
procedure to document infrequent arrhythmias
70
what is telemetry
procedure to monitor the patient's heart rate and rhythm in the hospital
71
tele-/o
distance
72
-metry
measuring
73
what is an angiography
procedure in which contrast dye is injected into a blood vessel to outline it on an x ray
- resulting image is an angiogram
74
what is echocardiography
procedure in which ultra high frequency sound waves are bounced off the heart to create an image called an echocardiogram
75
ech/o-
echo of a sound wave
76
what is auscultation
use of a stethoscope to listen to the heart sounds
77
auscult/o
aus
78
what is a blood pressure reading
one of the four vital signs; is measured with a sphygmomanometer
79
sphygm/o
pulse
80
man/o
frenzy, thing
81
what is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
emergency lifesaving procedure to circulate the blood after a persons heart has stopped beating
82
what is cardioversion
procedure to treat arrhythmias that involves administering an electric shock to restore the heart to a normal rhythm
83
vers/o
turn
84
what is used during a cardioversion
automatic external defibrillator (AED)
85
de-
reversal of
86
fibrill/o
muscle or nerve fiber
87
-ator
thing that does or produces
88
what is pulse rate
one of the four vital signs; measured by feeling the patients pulse and counting the number of bpm
89
what is a pulse point
location where a pulse can be felt
90
what are antiarrhythmics
treat arrhythmias
91
what are anticoagulants
prevent blood clot formation in patients with arteriosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, previous MI, or artificial heart valves
92
what are antihypertensives
treat hypertension
93
what is aspirin
drug that prevents heart attacks by keeping platelets from sticking together to form clots
94
what are beta-blockers
treat angina pectoris and hypertension by blocking beta receptors, which decreases heart rate and dilates the arteries
95
what are calcium channel blockers
treat angina pectoris and hypertension by blocking the movement of calcium ions, which decreases heart rate and blood pressure
96
what are diuretics
water pills; decrease blood pressure by increasing sodium and water excretion in the urine
97
what are lipid lowering drugs
treat high cholesterol levels (statins)
98
what are nitroglycerin drugs
treat angina pectoris by dilating the arteries to decrease blood pressure
99
what are thrombolytics
drugs used to break apart clots that are blocking blood flow through an artery
100
what is an aneurysmectomy
procedure to remove an aneurysm and repair the artery
101
what is cardiopulmonary bypass
technique used during open heart surgery in which the patients blood is temporarily rerouted to a heart-lung machine
102
what is a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
procedure to bypass an occluded coronary artery and restore blood flow to the heart muscle
103
what is heart transplantation
procedure to remove a severely damaged heart from a patient with end-stage heart failure and insert a new heart from a donor who has recently died
104
what is the difference between thrombus and embolus
thrombus: stationary
embolus: moved to new location
105
what is a pacemaker insertion
procedure in which an automated device is implanted to control heart rate and rhythm in a patient with arrhythmia
106
what is a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
procedure to reconstruct a coronary artery that is narrowed due to atherosclerosis
107
ACE
angiotensin-converting enzyme
108
AED
automatic external defibrillator
109
AI
aortic insufficiency; apical impulse
110
ASCVD
arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease
111
AV
atrioventricular
112
BP
blood pressure
113
bpm
beats per minute
114
Ca++
calcium ion
115
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
116
CAD
coronary artery disease
117
CCU
coronary care unit
118
CHF
congestive heart failure
119
CK-MB
creatine kinase
120
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
121
CV
cardiovascular
122
DNR
do not resuscitate
123
ECG
electrocardiogram; electrocardiography
124
EKG
electrocardiogram; electrocardiography
125
HDL
high density lipoprotein
126
HTN
hypertension
127
K+
potassium ion
128
LA
left atrium
129
LDH
lactate dehydrogenase
130
LDL
low density lipoprotein
131
LV
left ventricle
132
LVAD
left ventricular assist device
133
MI
myocardial infarction
134
mmHg
millimeters of mercury
135
MUGA
multiple gated acquisition (scan)
136
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
137
Na+
sodium ion
138
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
139
P
pulse (rate)
140
PAC
premature atrial contraction
141
PMI
point of maximum impulse
142
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
143
RA
right atrium
144
RV
right ventricle
145
S1
first heart sound
146
S2
second heart sound
147
SA
sinoatrial
148
SBE
subacute bacterial endocarditis
149
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
transesophageal echocardiography
150
TPR
temperature, pulse, and respirations
151
V fib
ventricular fibrillation
152
V tach
ventricular tachycardia
153
VLDL
very low density lipoprotein
