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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 (4) > Flashcards

Chapter 13 (4) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is hyperpituitarism

A

general term for hypersecretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary

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2
Q

what is hypopituatirism

A

general term for hyposecretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary

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3
Q

what is galactorrhea

A

hypersecretion of prolactin due to an adenoma in anterior pituitary; results in milk production

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4
Q

what is failure of lactation

A

hyposecretion of prolactin due to a defect in the anterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

what is gigantism

A

condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty causes excessive growth of bones and tissues

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6
Q

what is acromegaly

A

condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during adulthood causes a person’s facial features to widen and enlarge

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7
Q

what is dwarfism

A

condition in which hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty causes lack of growth and short stature

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8
Q

what is syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

A

condition in which hypersecretion of ADH causes the kidneys to increase water reabsorption; results in diluted blood

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9
Q

what is diabetes insipidus

A

condition in which hyposecretion of ADH causes the kidneys to decrease reabsorption of water; leads to polyuria and polydipsia

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10
Q

what is uterine inertia

A

condition in which hyposecretion of oxytocin causes weak and uncoordinated uterine contractions during childbirth

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11
Q

what is seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

condition in which decreased hours of sunlight during fall and winter lead to hypersecretion of melatonin accompanied by a decrease in serotonin levels; symptoms include depression

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12
Q

what is hyperthyroidism

A

condition in which the thyroid gland secretes too much T3 and T4

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13
Q

what is exopthalmos

A

bulging eyes

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14
Q

what is the most common hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s disease

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15
Q

what is a goiter

A

chronic, progressive enlargement of the thyroid gland; also known as thyromegaly

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16
Q

what does too little iodine in the diet lead to

A

a goiter

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17
Q

what is hypothyroidism

A

condition in which the thyroid gland secretes too little T3 and T4

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18
Q

what is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis an example of

A

autoimmune hypothyroidism

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19
Q

what is thyroid carcinoma

A

cancerous or malignant tumor of the thyroid gland

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20
Q

what is hyperparathyroidism

A

condition in which hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone causes hypercalcemia and bone fragility

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21
Q

what is hypoparathyroidism

A

condition in which hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone leads to hypocalcemia

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22
Q

what is hyperinsulinism

A

condition in which a pancreatic adenoma causes hypersecretion of insulin leading to hypoglycemia

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23
Q

what is insulin resistance syndrome (IRS)

A

hypersecretion of insulin occurs because cell receptors develop resistance to insulin; glucose remains in the blood where the pancreas senses high BG and secretes more insulin

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24
Q

what is diabetes mellitus

A

the beta cells of the pancreas do not secrete enough insulin, leads to hyperglycemia; symptoms include glycosuria, polyuria, and polydipsia

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25
what is glycosuria
excess glucose in the urine
26
what is polyuria
production of large amounts of urine
27
what is polydipsia
increased thirst
28
dips/o-
thirst
29
what is polyphagia
excess hunger
30
phag/o-
eat
31
what is type 1 diabetes mellitus
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) because the pancreas secretes no insulin and the patient must receive insulin injections; is an autoimmune disease
32
what is type 1.5 diabetes mellitus
also an autoimmune disorder; the pancreas still secretes insulin, just not enough
33
what is type 2 diabetes mellitus
also called adult-onset diabetes mellitus (ADDM); is not the result of an autoimmune disorder, rather insulin resistance
34
what is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
occurs in some women during pregnancy when increased levels of estradiol and progesterone block the action of insulin
35
what is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
condition in which a high level of acidic substances called ketones accumulates in the blood; can lead to a diabetic coma
36
ket/o-
ketones
37
acid/o-
acid
38
-osis
condition
39
what is diabetic neuropathy
high levels of glucose and ketones causes degenerative changes in the nephrons of the kidneys
40
what is diabetic retinopathy
degenerative changes in the retina, includes fragile blood vessels that rupture easily
41
what is atherosclerosis
formation of fatty deposits and plaques in the arteries; accelerated in patients with diabetes mellitus
42
what is impotence
difficulty achieving an erection; may occur as a result of nerve damage or artherosclerosis
43
what is a foot injury (as it applies to DM)
patients with DM are at increased risk due to poor eyesight and decreased sensation; injuries may progress to ulcers of gangrene
44
what is hyperaldosteronism
hypersecretion of aldosterone causes reabsorption of large amounts of sodium and water from the kidneys into the blood ; results in hypertension
45
what is hypoaldosteronism
condition in which hyposecretion of aldosterone causes a low level of sodium in the blood; causes decreased blood pressure
46
what is Cushing’s syndrome
hypersecretion of cortisol
47
what is Addison’s disease
hyposecretion of cortisol
48
what is adrenogenital syndrome
hypersecretion of adrenal androgens causes alterations in sexual characteristics
49
what is a pheochromocytoma
hypersecretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla
50
phe/o-
gray
51
chrom/o-
color
52
cyt/o-
cell
53
-oma
tumor
54
what is precocious puberty
early onset of puberty due to hypersecretion of either estradiol or testosterone
55
what is menopause
cessation of menstruation due to hyposecretion of estradiol
56
what is gynecomastia
enlargement of the breasts due to hyposecretion of testosterone
57
gynec/o-
female
58
mast/o-
breast
59
-ia
condition
60
what is a calcium test
measures calcium levels to see if the parathyroid gland is secreting normal parathyroid hormone
61
what is a cortisol level test
measures cortisol in the blood to determine function of the adrenal cortex
62
what is fasting blood sugar (FBS)
measures BG after fasting for 12 hours
63
what is glucose self-testing
patients measure their own BG to ensure it is in a normal range
64
what is an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
blood is drawn after the patient fasts for 12 hours, then once every hour for 4 hours after consuming a glucose drink
65
what is a Hemoglobin A1C test (HbA1c)
high levels indicate poor glucose control during past several months in patient with diabetes
66
what is a testosterone test
measures testosterone in men to determine normal testes function
67
what are thyroid function tests(TFTs)
measures T3, T4, and TSH
68
what is an FSH assay and LH assay
measures levels of FSH and LH
69
what is a growth hormone test
measures growth hormone to determine if anterior pituitary is secreting normal amount
70
what is ADH stimulation test
measures urine concentration to determine if pituitary gland is secreting normal amounts of antidiuretic hormone
71
what is an estradiol test
measures estradiol to determine if ovaries are functioning
72
what is a urine dipstick test
test that measures glucose and ketones in the urine
73
what is vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) test
measures level of VMA, a byproduct of epinephrine and norepinephrine; determines if adrenal medulla is functioning properly
74
what is a radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) and thyroid scan
radioactive iodine is taken up by the thyroid from the blood; shows how well the thyroid is able to uptake iodine
75
what is thyroid ultrasonography
uses sound waves to produce an image of the thyroid gland
76
what is an ADA diet
physician-prescribed diet for patients with diabetes (carb and fat intake limited)
77
what are antidiabetic drugs
oral medications used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus
78
what are antithyroid drugs
administers radioactive sodium iodine 131 to destroy thyroid cells
79
what are thyroid hormone supplement drugs
treats a lack of thyroid hormones
80
what are corticosteroids
mimic the actions of cortisol; hormone therapy for Addison’s disease
81
what are growth hormone supplement drugs
provide growth hormone only to people who are deficient
82
what is insulin
used to treat type 1 and type 1.5 diabetes mellitus, as well as type 2
83
what is an adrenalectomy
procedure to remove adrenal gland
84
adrenal/o-
adrenal gland
85
-ectomy
surgical removal
86
what is a fine-needle biopsy
procedure that uses a fine needle to take small sample from thyroid nodule to determine if benign or cancerous
87
what is a parathyroidectomy
procedure to remove one or more of the parathyroid glands
88
what is a thymectomy
procedure to remove the thymus
89
what is a thyroidectomy
procedure to remove all or part of the thyroid gland
90
what is transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
procedure to remove an adenoma from the pituitary gland via incision in the sphenoid sinus
91
trans-
through
92
sphenoid/o-
sphenoid bone or sphenoid sinus
93
-al
pertaining to
94
hypophys/o -
pituitary gland
95
-ectomy
surgical removal
96
ADA
American Diabetes Association
97
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake
98
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
99
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
100
LH
luteinizing hormone
101
TFTs
thyroid function tests
102
GTT
glucose tolerance test
103
FBS
fasting blood sugar
104
DKA
diabetic ketoacidosis
105
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
106
NIDDM
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
107
DM
diabetes mellitus
108
IRS
insulin resistance syndrome
109
SAD
seasonal affective disorder
110
SIADH
syndrome of inappropriate ADH
111
DI
diabetes insipidus

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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