Chapter 8 (2) Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
what is atrophy
A
loss of bulk in one or more muscles
2
Q
a-
A
away from, without
3
Q
troph/o-
A
development
4
Q
what is avulsion
A
condition which a muscle tears away from a tendon or tendon tears away from a bone
5
Q
vuls/o-
A
tear
6
Q
what is compartment syndrome
A
severe injury causes bleeding and the fascia acts as a compartment, holding accumulated blood and placing pressure on surrounding tissues
7
Q
what is a contracture
A
condition in which a muscle becomes progressively more flexed and eventually sticks in immovable position
8
Q
what is fibromyalgia
A
condition associated with pain at specific trigger points in the muscles of the neck, hips, and back
9
Q
fibr/o-
A
fiber
10
Q
my/o-
A
muscle
11
Q
alg/o-
A
pain
12
Q
what is a hyperextension/hyperflexion injury
A
injury that occurs when a person’s head snaps backward and then forward in response to a sudden change in speed (whiplash)
13
Q
what is a muscle contusion
A
bleeding inside a muscle due to blunt trauma; bruise
14
Q
contus/o-
A
bruise
15
Q
what is a muscle spasm
A
muscle involuntary contracts; muscle cramp
16
Q
what is a muscle spasm of the neck called
A
torticollis
17
Q
tort/i-
A
twisted
18
Q
-collis
A
condition of the neck
19
Q
what is a muscle strain
A
overstretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon; pulled muscle
20
Q
what is muscular dystrophy
A
mutation in gene encoding for dystrophin; without dystrophin -> atrophy of muscles (Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy)
21
Q
what is myalgia
A
pain in muscle due to injury or disease
22
Q
polymyalgia
A
pain in several muscles
23
Q
what is myopathy
A
general category including many muscle diseases
24
Q
what is myasthenia gravis
A
autoimmune disorder in which body produces antibodies against Ach receptors on the muscle fibers
25
what is blepharoptosis
droopy eyelid; sign of myasthenia gravis
26
what is myositis
inflammation of a muscle
27
polymyositis
widespread inflammation with weakness and fatigue
28
what is a repetitive strain injury
injury to muscles, tendons, and/or nerves resulting from repetitive movements; carpal tunnel syndrome
29
what is rhabdomyoma
benign tumor of the muscle
30
rhabd/o-
rod shaped
31
what is rhabdomyosarcoma
cancerous tumor of the muscle; usually found in children and young adults
32
what is a rotator cuff tear
a tear in one of the rotator muscles of the shoulder that surround the humerus
33
what is ataxia
incoordination of the muscles during movement, especially when walking
34
what is bradykinesia
abnormally slow muscle movements; usually associated with parkinson’s
35
brady-
slow
36
kines/o-
movement
37
what is dyskinesia
abnormal motions that occur because of difficulty controlling voluntary muscles (tics, spasms, jerks)
38
dys-
abnormal
39
what is hyperkinesis
an abnormally increased amount of muscle movements
40
what is restless leg syndrome
uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of leg muscles along with tingling, aching, crawling-insect sensations
41
what is a tremor
involuntary, back-and-forth movements of the hands, jaw, extremities that are continuous and cannot be controlled
42
what is bursitis
inflammation of the bursal sac due to repetitive muscle contractions or pressure on bone underneath the bursa
43
what is dupuytren contracture
progressive disease in which thickening and shortening of the fascia in the palm causes a contracture and flexion deformity of the finger
44
what is epicondylitis
inflammation of muscles and tendons that originate on the bone protrusion on either side of the distal humerus
45
common name from lateral epicondylitis
tennis elbow
46
common name for medial epicondylitis
golfer’s elbow; pitcher’s elbow
47
what is fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia around a muscle
48
where is plantar fasciitis
bottom of the foot
49
fasci/o-
fascia
50
what is a ganglion
semisolid or fluid-containing cyst that grows on a tendon
51
what are shin splints
pain and inflammation of the tendons and flexor muscles over the shin due to overuse
52
what is tendinitis
inflammation of any tendon due to injury or overuse
53
what is rhabdomyolysis
condition where skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly, releasing breakdown products into blood
54
signs and symptoms of rhabdomyolysis
muscle pain and weakness, dark urine
55
what is the acetylcholine receptor antibody test
detects antibodies against acetylcholine receptors; used to diagnose myasthenia gravis
56
what is electromyography
procedure in which a needle electrode is inserted into a muscle to record the electrical activity
57
what is electromyography used to diagnose
muscle or nerve diseases
58
electr/o-
electricity
59
-graphy
process of recording
60
what does a brace do
supports and straightens a body part while permitting movement
61
another name for brace
orthosis
62
what is an adaptive or assistive device
device that increases mobility and independence by helping patients perform activities of daily living
63
what is deep tendon reflexes
procedure that tests whether the muscular-nervous pathway is functioning normally
64
what is deep tendon reflexes also known as
knee-jerk test or patellar reflex test
65
what is a muscle strength test
physician presses against part of patients body and asks patient not to let them move that part
66
what are rehabilitation exercises
exercises included in a physical therapy rehabilitation plan to help increase muscle strength and improve coordination
67
what is the RICE treatment for minor injuries
r= rest
i= ice
c= compression
e= elevation
68
what are trigger point injections
procedure to treat fibromyalgia; decrease pain and inflammation
69
what do analgesics treat
muscle pain
70
an-
without
71
alges/o-
sensation of pain
72
what do beta-blockers do
relieve tremors by blocking epinephrine
73
what do corticosteroids do
decrease severe inflammation
74
what do dopamine stimulants treat
restless leg syndrome
75
what do drugs for fibromyalgia do
relieve pain and relax muscles
76
what do drugs for myasthenia gravis do
inhibit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine; allows Ach to continue to activate remaining receptors
77
what do muscle relaxants do
relieve muscle spasm and stiffness
78
what can muscle relaxants treat
multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy
79
what do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs do
decrease mild to moderate inflammation and pain
80
what do NSAIDs treat?
muscle strains, tendinitis, bursitis, muscle overuse
81
what is a fasciectomy
procedure to partially or totally remove the fascia
82
what does a fasciectomy treat
Dupuytren contracture
83
what is a fasciotomy? what does it treat?
procedure to cut the fascia and release pressure from built up blood and tissue in a patient with compartment syndrome
84
what is a ganglionectomy
procedure to remove a ganglion from a tendon
85
what is a muscle biopsy
removing a small amount of muscle tissue to diagnose potential causes of muscle weakness
86
what is myorrhaphy
procedure to suture together a torn muscle after injury
87
what is tenorrhpahy
procedure to suture together a torn tendon after injury
88
ten/o-
tendon
89
-rrhaphy
procedure of suturing
90
ADA
Americans with Disabilities Act
91
ADLs
activities of daily living
92
CPK-MM
creatine phosphokinase-MM
93
DTRs
deep tendon reflexes
94
EMG
electromyography ; electromyogram
95
IM
intramuscular
96
LLE
left lower extremity
97
LUE
left upper extremity
98
MD
muscular dystrophy
99
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
100
ortho
orthopedics
101
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
102
OT
occupational therapist; occupational therapy
103
PM&R
physical medicine and rehabilitation
104
PT
physical therapy; physical therapist
105
rehab
rehabilitation
106
RLE
right lower extremity
107
ROM
range of motion
108
RSI
repetitive strain injury
109
RUE
right upper extremity
