Chapter 4 (3) Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
pulmon/o-
A
lung
2
Q
medical specialty that studies the respiratory system
A
pulmonology
3
Q
nas/o-
A
nose
4
Q
voice box
A
larynx
5
Q
what is an upper respiratory infection (URI)
A
bacterial or viral infection of the upper respiratory tract; a head cold
6
Q
what is asthma
A
hyperactivity of the bronchi or bronchioles to an allergen or inhaled substance
7
Q
“to breathe hard”
A
asthma
8
Q
what is bronchitis
A
acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchi
9
Q
what is bronchiectasis
A
permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity in the bronchioles; allows secretions to accumulate
10
Q
bronchi/o-
A
bronchus
11
Q
-iectasis
A
condition of dilation
12
Q
what does asthma cause
A
inflammation, excess mucus production, and bronchospasm
13
Q
acute bronchitis is due to
A
infection
14
Q
chronic bronchitis is due to
A
smoking or pollution
15
Q
what is reactive airway disease
A
blanket term for conditions with reversible airway narrowing and wheezing
16
Q
what are abnormal breath sounds (BS)
A
lung sounds that are different from normal and may indicate lung disease or condition
17
Q
breath sounds that sound like soft wind through a tunnel are
A
normal
18
Q
breath sounds that sound like irregular crackling or bubbling
A
crackles; rales
19
Q
what are crackles/rales due to
A
infection in the alveoli
20
Q
breath sounds that sound like high-pitched whistling or squeaking are
A
wheezes
21
Q
what are wheezes due to
A
asthma attack or reaction
22
Q
what is atelectasis
A
collapse of all or part of the lung
23
Q
atel/o-
A
incomplete
24
Q
-ectasis
A
condition of dilation
25
what is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
any type of chronic obstructive lung disease, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema
26
what is cystic fibrosis (CF)
inherited condition caused by recessive gene; causes problems with respiratory, digestive, and sweat secretions
27
cyst/o-
bladder
28
fibr/o-
fiber
29
-osis
abnormal condition
30
what happens in the lungs with cystic fibrosis
mucus secreted is too think and blocks alveoli
31
what is empyema
localized pus in the lung due to bacterial infection
32
em-
in
33
py/o-
pus
34
-ema
condition
35
what is influenza
respiratory infection caused by a virus
36
what is legionnaire’s disease
severe, sometimes fatal bacterial infection; starts with flulike symptoms and progresses to severe pneumonia
37
what is occupational lung disease
group of diseases caused by constant workplace exposure to inhaled particles
38
example of occupational lung disease
asbestosis
39
what is lung cancer
most common among smokers when tar deposits in the lungs become cancerous and spread
40
what is pneumonia
infection of the lobes of the lungs; fluid, white blood cells, and microorganisms fill passages
41
aspir/o-
to breath in
42
pneum/o-
lung; air
43
-ia
condition; state
44
what is pulmonary edema
build up of fluid in alveoli caused by left-sided heart failure, chest wall trauma, or pneumonia
45
what is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
severe, communicable viral illness that can be fatal; associated with close contact and enclosed spaces
46
what is a pulmonary embolism
traveling clot or fat globule that lodges in the lung; blocking blood flow and causing SOB; often occurs in patients on bedrest
47
embol/o-
occluding plug (clot)
48
-ism
from a specific cause
49
what is tuberculosis (TB)
communicable disease that is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
50
what is a hemothorax
blood in the thoracic cavity, usually due to trauma
51
hem/o-
blood
52
thorax
chest
53
what is pleural effusion
accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural space due to inflammation or infection
54
effus/o-
flowing out
55
what is pleurisy (pleuritis)
inflammation or infection of the pleura that causes the two pleural layers to rub against one another and create a pleural fiction rub
56
pleur/o-
lung membrane
57
-isy
condition of infection or inflammation
58
what is a pneumothorax
air in the pleural space that causes the lung to collapse; usually the result of penetration trauma
59
what is apnea
absence of spontaneous respiration due to respiratory failure or arrest
60
a-
without
61
pne/o-
breathing
62
what is bradypnea
abnormally slow rate of breathing due to brain damage or chemical imbalance in the blood
63
brady-
slow
64
what is dyspnea
abnormal, difficult, labored or painful breathing
65
dys-
abnormal
66
what is orthopnea
difficulty breathing when lying supine; patient sleeps sitting upright or semi-upright
67
orth/o-
straight
68
what is tachypnea
abnormally fast rate of breathing due to lung disease
69
tachy-
fast
70
purpose of coughing
protective mechanism to forcefully expel things from the lungs
71
what is expectoration
coughing up sputum
72
ex-
away from
73
pector/o-
chest
74
-ation
process
75
what is hemoptysis
coughing up sputum that contains blood
76
hem/o-
blood
77
-ptysis
condition of coughing up
78
what is anoxia
complete lack or severely decreased decreased level of oxygen in arterial blood or body tissues
79
what is anoxia caused by
choking, suffocating, drowning
80
an-
without
81
ox/o-
oxygen
82
what is asphyxia
abnormally high level of carbon dioxide and an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood
83
a-
without
84
sphyx/o-
pulse
85
what is cyanosis
bluish grey skin due to low level of oxygen and high level of carbon dioxide in blood
86
cyan/o-
blue
87
-osis
abnormal condition
88
what is hypercapnia
very high level of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
89
hyper-
above
90
capn/o-
carbon dioxide
91
what is hypoxemia
very low level of oxygen in arterial blood
92
what are arterial blood gases (ABGs)
blood test to measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of arterial blood
93
what is carboxyhemoglobin
blood test to measure the amount of carbon monoxide in blood; usually done for patients exposed to fire or fumes
94
what is oximetry
noninvasive test to measure oxygen saturation of the blood
95
what is a pulmonary function test (PFT)
breathing test to measure the volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled or exhaled
96
what is a sleep study
procedure to determine whether a patient has obstructive sleep apnea; uses sensors to measure movement, breathing and oxygen level
97
what is used to treat sleep apnea
CPAP machine
98
what is a sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)
lab test to identify which bacterium is causing lung infection and the antibiotic sensitivity
99
what is a tuberculosis test
tests that show whether a person has been exposed to tuberculosis
100
what is a chest radiography (CXR)
x ray of chest
101
what do CT and MRI scans show
many images in small slices to provide detailed picture of lung structure
102
what is a lung scan
procedure in which radioactive air is inhaled and radioactive drug is injected to identify areas of poor gas uptake and poor perfusion in the lungs
103
what is auscultation and percussion (A&P)
assessment of lung health in which breath sounds are listened to with a stethoscope as the back is tapped with fingertips
104
what is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
procedure to help someone who has stopped breathing and whose heart is not beating
105
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation provides what
air to lungs
106
chest compressions do what during CPR
forces blood through the heart
107
what does chest percussion therapy do
helps loosen mucus
108
what is incentive spirometry
procedure to encourage deep breathing in patients post surgery using a measuring device
109
what is a nebulizer treatment
procedure in which medication is aerosolized for deep inhalation
110
what is endotracheal intubation
insertion of endotracheal tube into the mouth, through the vocal cords, and into the trachea to establish an airway and provide oxygen
111
what is oxygen therapy
provision of additional oxygen to patients with lung disease; may use a nasal cannula, oxygen mask, or oxygen hood
112
what do antibiotics treat
bacterial infections of respiratory tract
113
what do antituberculars treat
tuberculosis only, more than one administered for 9 months
114
what do antitussives treat
suppresses cough centers in the brain for patients with a nonproductive cough
115
what do antivirals treat
influenza, pneumonia
116
what do bronchodilators do
relax smooth muscle around bronchi to dilate bronchi
117
what do corticosteroids do
block immune response that causes inflammation in the lungs
118
what do expectorants do
reduce the thickness of sputum so it can be coughed up and out of the chest
119
what do smoking cessation drugs do
bind to nicotine receptors and provide gradually decreased dose of nicotine until a patient no longer needs nicotine
120
what is a bronchoscopy
insertion of lighted bronchoscope through mouth and larynx to examine the trachea and bronchi
121
what is a chest tube insertion
placement of a plastic tube in the thoracic cavity to remove air, fluid, or blood that has accumulated due to trauma or infection
122
what is a lung resection
surgery to remove all or part of the lung; may be done for cancer biopsy or to treat emphysema
123
what is thoracentesis
needle inserted into thoracic cavity to remove fluid from the pleural space; done to prevent pleural effusion or obtain fluid samples
124
thorac/o-
chest; thorax
125
-centesis
procedure to puncture
126
what is a thoracotomy
incision into thoracic cavity; the first step in any thorax or lung procedure
127
-tomy
process of cutting/incision
128
what is a tracheostomy
opening into the trachea and insertion of plastic tube to provide temporary or permanent access to the lungs for patients needing respiratory support; “trach”
129
-stomy
surgically created opening
130
A&P
auscultation and percussion
131
ABG
arterial blood gases
132
AQI
air quality index
133
BS
breath sounds
134
C&S
culture and sensitivity
135
CT, CAT
computerized axial tomography
136
CF
cystic fibrosis
137
CO
carbon monoxide
138
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
139
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
140
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
141
CXR
chest x-ray
142
endotracheal tube
ETT
143
FBO
foreign body object
144
LLL
left lower lobe (of lung)
145
LUL
left upper lobe
146
RLL
right lower lobe
147
RML
right middle lobe
148
RRT
registered respiratory therapist
149
RUL
right upper lobe
150
SARS
severe acute respiratory syndrome
151
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
152
SOB
shortness of breath
153
TB
tuberculosis
154
URI
upper respiratory infection
