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Medical terminology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

acrophobia

A

an excessive fear of being in high places

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2
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

disorder associated with degenerative changes in the brain structure that lead to progressive memory loss, impaired cognition, and personality changes

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3
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

a degenerative disease in which patients become progressively weaker until they are completely paralyzed; also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease

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4
Q

anesthetic

A

the medication used to induce anesthesia

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5
Q

anesthetist

A

a medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia, but is not a physician

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6
Q

anxiety disorder

A

mental conditions characterized by anxiety or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation

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7
Q

autism

A

describes a group of conditions in which a young child cannot develop normal social relationships

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8
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes drooping only on the affected side of the face

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9
Q

carotid ultrasonography

A

an ultrasound study of the carotid artery to detect plaque buildup in the artery to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke

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10
Q

causalgia

A

persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve

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11
Q

cerebral contusion

A

the bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury that may also cause swelling of the brain

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12
Q

cerebral palsy

A

a congenital condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects, and other neurologic deficiencies

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13
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted; also known as a stroke

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14
Q

cervical radiculopathy

A

nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region

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15
Q

claustrophobia

A

an abnormal fear of being in narrow or enclosed spaces

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16
Q

cognition

A

the mental activities associated with thinking, learning,and memory

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17
Q

coma

A

a deep state of unconsciousness

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18
Q

concussion

A

a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain that may result in a temporary loss of awareness and function

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19
Q

cranial hematoma

A

a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain

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20
Q

delirium

A

a potentially reversible condition that comes on suddenly and is often associated with high fever, intoxication, or shock in which the patient is confused, disoriented, and unable to think clearly

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21
Q

delirium tremens

A

an acute organic brain syndrome due to alcohol withdrawal that is characterized by sweating, tremor, restlessness, anxiety, mental confusion, and hallucinations

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22
Q

delusion

A

a false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary

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23
Q

dementia

A

a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes

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24
Q

dura mater

A

the thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges

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25
dyslexia
a learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols; also known as a developmental reading disorder
26
echoencephalography
the use ofultrasound imaging to diagnose a shift in the midline structures of the brain
27
electroencephalography
the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp
28
encephalitis
an inflammation of the brain
29
epidural anesthesia
regional anesthesia produced by injecting a local anesthetic into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine
30
epilepsy
a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity
31
factitiuos disorder
a condition in which an individual acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick; previously known as Munchausen syndrome
32
Guillain-Barre syndrome
an inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that may lead to temporary paralysis; also known as infectious polyneuritis
33
hallucination
a sensory perception experienced in the absence of an external stimulation
34
hemorrhagia stroke
occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures; also known as a bleed
35
hydrocephalus
a condition in which there is an abnormally increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain
36
hyperesthesia
a condition of excessive sensitivity to stimuli
37
hypochondriasis
a condition characterized by misinterpretation of physical symptoms and fearing that one has a serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance
38
ischemic stroke
a type of stroke that occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked
39
lethargy
a lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy
40
meningitis
an inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord
41
meningocele
the congenital herniation of the meninges that surround the brain or spinal cord through a defect in the skull or spinal column
42
migraine headache
a headache characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head
43
multiple sclerosis
a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by scattered patches of demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord
44
myelitis
an inflammation of the spinal cord; also inflammation of bone marrow
45
myelography
a radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture. The resulting record is called a myelogram.
46
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder consisting of recurring episodes of falling asleep during the day
47
neurotransmitters
chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor; examples include acetylcholine, dopamine, endorphins, norepinephrine, and serotonin
48
obsessive-compulsive disorder
an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts or impulses
49
panic attack
a group of intense emotional feelings that include apprehension, fearfulness, and terror
50
paresthesia
refers to a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body
51
Parkinson's disease
a chronic, degenerative central nervous disorder in which there is a progressive loss of control over movement, resulting in tremors and a shuffling gait
52
peripheral neuropathy
a painful condition of the nerves of the hands and feet due to damage to the peripheral nerves; also known as peripheral neuritis
53
post-traumatic stress disorder
the development of characteristic symptoms after a major traumatic event
54
Reye's syndrome
a potentially fatal condition that has been linked to giving aspirin to children suffering from viral infections
55
schizophrenia
a psychotic disorder characterized by two or more of the following: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms
56
sciatica
inflammation of the sciatic nerve
57
shaken baby syndrome
the results of a child being violently shaken by someone
58
syncope
the brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain; also known as fainting
59
trichotillomania
a disorder characterized by the repeated pulling out of one's own hair
60
trigeminal neuralgia
a condition characterized by sudden, intense, severe lightning-like pain due to an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve

Medical terminology (13 decks)

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