Chapter 7

Question 1

anoxia

Answer 1

the absence or nearly complete absence of oxygen from the body’s gases, blood, or tissues

Question 2

anthracosis

Answer 2

the form of pneumoconios caused by coal dust in the lungs; also known as black lung disease

Question 3

antitussive

Answer 3

administered to prevent or relieve coughing (cough medicine)

Question 4

aphonia

Answer 4

the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

Question 5

apnea

Answer 5

the absence of spontaneous respiration

Question 6

asbestosis

Answer 6

the form of pneumoconios caused by asbestos particles in the lungs

Question 7

asphyxia

Answer 7

the condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it needs to function

Question 8

asphyxiation

Answer 8

any interruption of normal breathing resulting in asphyxia; also known as suffocation

Question 9

aspiration pneumonia

Answer 9

can occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs

Question 10

asthma

Answer 10

a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing

Question 11

atelectasis

Answer 11

a condition in which the lung fails to expand completely due to shallow breathing or because the air passages are blocked

Question 12

bradypnea

Answer 12

an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute

Question 13

bronchodilator

Answer 13

a medication that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs

Question 14

brochoscopy

Answer 14

the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

Question 15

broncorrhea

Answer 15

an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

Question 16

broncospasm

Answer 16

a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut

Question 17

Cheyne-Strokes respiration

Answer 17

a pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperpnea

Question 18

croup

Answer 18

an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough

Question 19

cystic fibrosis

Answer 19

a genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

Question 20

diphtheria

Answer 20

an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract

Question 21

dysphonia

Answer 21

any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty

Question 22

dyspnea

Answer 22

difficult or labored breathing; also known as shortness of breath

Question 23

emphysema

Answer 23

the progressive loss of lung function that is commonly attributed to long-term smoking

Question 24

empyema

Answer 24

an accumulation of pus or infected fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 25

endotracheal intubation

Answer 25

the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

Question 26

epistaxis

Answer 26

bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders; also known as a nosebleed

Question 27

hemoptysis

Answer 27

coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum

Question 28

hemothorax

Answer 28

an accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

Question 29

hypercapnia

Answer 29

the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 30

hyperpnea

Answer 30

an increase in the depth and rate of the respiratory movements

Question 31

hypopnea

Answer 31

shallow or slow respiration

Question 32

hypoxemia

Answer 32

a condition of having below-normal oxygen level in the blood

Question 33

hypoxia

Answer 33

the condition of having below-normal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells; less severe than anoxia

Question 34

laryngectomy

Answer 34

the surgical removal of the larynx

Question 35

laryngitis

Answer 35

an inflammation of the larynx

Question 36

larynoplegia

Answer 36

paralysis of the larynx

Question 37

laryngoscopy

Answer 37

the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope

Question 38

mediastinum

Answer 38

the cavity located between the lungs that contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, and thymus gland

Question 39

nebulizer

Answer 39

pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece

Question 40

otolaryngologist

Answer 40

a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck; also known as an ENT

Question 41

pertussis

Answer 41

a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract

Question 42

pharyngitis

Answer 42

an inflammation of the pharynx

Question 43

pharyngoplasty

Answer 43

the surgical repair of the pharynx

Question 44

pleurectomy

Answer 44

the surgical removal of part of the pleura

Question 45

pleurisy

Answer 45

an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath

Question 46

pleuridynia

Answer 46

pain in the pleura or in the side that occurs in relation to breathing movements

Question 47

pneumoconiosis

Answer 47

an abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after years of environmental or occupational contact

Question 48

pneumonectomy

Answer 48

the surgical removal of all or part of a lung

Question 49

pneumothorax

Answer 49

the accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that prevents the lung from fully expanding or can cause it to collapse

Question 50

polysomnography

Answer 50

the diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep; also known as a sleep apnea study

Question 51

pulmonologist

Answer 51

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues

Question 52

pulse oximeter

Answer 52

an external monitor placed on the patient's finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood

Question 53

pyothorax

Answer 53

the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane

Question 54

sinusitis

Answer 54

an inflammation of the sinuses

Question 55

tachypnea

Answer 55

an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually or more than 20 breaths per minute

Question 56

thoracentesis

Answer 56

the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

Question 57

thoracostomy

Answer 57

the surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity to establish drainage of empyema

Question 58

tuberculosis

Answer 58

an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs

Question 59

tracheostomy

Answer 59

the surgical creation of an opening into the trachea and insertion of a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions

Question 60

tracheotomy

Answer 60

an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage