Chapter 9

Question 1

ablation

Answer 1

the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function

Question 2

anuria

Answer 2

the absence of urine formation by the kidneys

Question 3

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 3

an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs most often in men over age 50

Question 4

chronic kidney disease

Answer 4

a progressive loss of renal function over months or years

Question 5

cysitis

Answer 5

an inflammation of the bladder

Question 6

cystocele

Answer 6

a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall; also called a fallen bladder

Question 7

cystolith

Answer 7

a stone located in the urinary bladder

Question 8

cytopexy

Answer 8

the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

Question 9

cystoscopy

Answer 9

the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

Question 10

dialysis

Answer 10

a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function

Question 11

diuresis

Answer 11

the increased output of urine

Question 12

end stage renal disease

Answer 12

refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure in which there is irreversible loss of the function of both kidneys

Question 13

enuresis

Answer 13

the involuntary discharge of urine

Question 14

epispadias

Answer 14

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening where in the male, the urethral opening is located on the upper surface of the penis, and in the female the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris

Question 15

glomerulonephritis

Answer 15

a form of nephritis that involves primarily the glomeruli; also known as Bright’s disease

Question 16

hemodialysis

Answer 16

the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood to replace the function of damaged kidneys

Question 17

hydronephrosis

Answer 17

the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

Question 18

hydroureter

Answer 18

the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked

Question 19

hyperproteinuria

Answer 19

the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine

Question 20

hypoproteinemia

Answer 20

the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

Question 21

hypospadias

Answer 21

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening where in the male the urethral opening is on the under surface of the penis, and in the female the urethral opening is into the vagina

Question 22

incontinence

Answer 22

the inability to control excretory functions

Question 23

interstitial cystitis

Answer 23

a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

Question 24

intravenous pyelogram

Answer 24

a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters used to diagnose changed in the urinary tract

Question 25

nephrolith

Answer 25

a stone located in the kidney; also known as renal calculus or a kidney stone

Question 26

nephrolithiasis

Answer 26

a disorder characterized by the presence of stones in the kidney

Question 27

nephrolysis

Answer 27

the freeing of a kidney from adhesions

Question 28

nephron

Answer 28

a functional unit of the kidney

Question 29

nephropathy

Answer 29

any disease of the kidney including degenerative and inflammatory conditions

Question 30

nephroptosis

Answer 30

the prolapse of a kidney

Question 31

nephropyosis

Answer 31

suppuration (formation or discharge of pus) of the kidney

Question 32

nephrostomy

Answer 32

the establishment of an opening from the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body

Question 33

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 33

a condition in which very high levels of protein are lost in the urine and abnormally low levels of protein are present in the blood

Question 34

neurogenic bladder

Answer 34

a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

Question 35

nocturia

Answer 35

excessive urination during the night

Question 36

nocturnal enuresis

Answer 36

urinary incontinence during sleep

Question 37

oliguria

Answer 37

scanty urination

Question 38

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Answer 38

treatment of a kidney stone that is performed with a nephroscope inserted through a small incision in the back

Question 39

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 39

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

Question 40

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 40

a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

Question 41

polyuria

Answer 41

excessive urination

Question 42

prostatism

Answer 42

the condition of having symptoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatis hypertrophy

Question 43

pyeloplasty

Answer 43

the surgical repair of the renal pelvis

Question 44

pyelotomy

Answer 44

a surgical incision into the renal pelvis

Question 45

suprapubic catheterization

Answer 45

the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

Question 46

uremia

Answer 46

a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood

Question 47

ureterectasis

Answer 47

the distention of a ureter

Question 48

ureterolith

Answer 48

a stone located in a ureter

Question 49

ureterorrhagia

Answer 49

the discharge of blood from the ureter

Question 50

ureterorrhaphy

Answer 50

the surgical suturing of a ureter

Question 51

urethritis

Answer 51

an inflammation of the urethra

Question 52

urethropexy

Answer 52

the surgical fixation of the urethra, usually for the correction of urinary stress incontinence

Question 53

urethrorrhagia

Answer 53

bleeding from the urethra

Question 54

urethrostenosis

Answer 54

abnormal narrowing of the urethra

Question 55

urethrostomy

Answer 55

the surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin

Question 56

urinary catheterization

Answer 56

the insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to obtain a sterile sample or drain urine

Question 57

vesicovaginal fistula

Answer 57

an abnormal opening between the bladder and vaginan that allows the constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina

Question 58

voiding cystourethrography

Answer 58

a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra

Question 59

Wilms tumor

Answer 59

a malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children