Chapter 3

Question 1

acetabulum

Answer 1

the socket of the hipbone, into which the head of the femur fits.

Question 2

allogenic

Answer 2

denoting tissues, particularly stem cells from either bone marrow or peripheral blood, that are from the same species but antigenically distinct

Question 3

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 3

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

Question 4

arthrodesis

Answer 4

a surgical procedure to stiffen a joint

Question 5

arthroscopy

Answer 5

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope

Question 6

autologous

Answer 6

referring to transfer of an organ or other tissue from one location to another in the same person

Question 7

chondroma

Answer 7

a slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells

Question 8

chondromalacia

Answer 8

abnormal softening of the cartilage

Question 9

comminuted fracture

Answer 9

a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

Question 10

compression fracture

Answer 10

a fracture in which the bone is pressed together on itself

Question 11

costochondritis

Answer 11

an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

Question 12

craniostenosis

Answer 12

a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures

Question 13

crepitation

Answer 13

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

Question 14

dual x-ray absoptiometry

Answer 14

a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

Question 15

fibrous dysplasia

Answer 15

a bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scar-like) tissure

Question 16

hallux valgus

Answer 16

an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

Question 17

hemarthrosis

Answer 17

blood within a jointq

Question 18

hemopoietic

Answer 18

related to the process of formation and development of the various types of blood cells

Question 19

internal fixation

Answer 19

fracture treatment in which pins or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

Question 20

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 20

an autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 or less, with symptoms that include stiffness, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

Question 21

kyphosis

Answer 21

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

Question 22

laminectomy

Answer 22

the surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebrae

Question 23

lordosis

Answer 23

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

Question 24

lumdago

Answer 24

pain of the lumbar region of the spine

Question 25

malleolus

Answer 25

rounded bony prominence such as those on either side of the ankle joint.

Question 26

manubrium

Answer 26

The upper segment of the sternum with which the clavicle and the first two pairs of ribs articulate.

Question 27

metatarsals

Answer 27

a bone of the metatarsus. in the foot

Question 28

myeloma

Answer 28

a type of cancer that occurs in blood making cells of the red bone marrow

Question 29

open fracture

Answer 29

a fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

Question 30

orthopedic surgeon

Answer 30

trained to deal with problems that develop in the bones, joints, and ligaments of the human body.

Question 31

orthotic

Answer 31

a mechanical appliance such a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

Question 32

osteitis

Answer 32

inflammation of the bone

Question 33

osteoarthritis

Answer 33

the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging

Question 34

osteochondroma

Answer 34

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage

Question 35

osteoclasis

Answer 35

the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

Question 36

osteomyelitis

Answer 36

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

Question 37

osteonecrosis

Answer 37

the death of bone tissue due to an insufficient blood supply

Question 38

osteopenia

Answer 38

thinner than average bone decay

Question 39

osteoporosis

Answer 39

a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging

Question 40

osteoporotic hip fracture

Answer 40

a fracture of a hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall

Question 41

osteorraphy

Answer 41

surgical suturing or wiring together of bones

Question 42

Paget's disease

Answer 42

a bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

Question 43

pathologic frature

Answer 43

occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain

Question 44

percutaneous vertebroplasty

Answer 44

treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column

Question 45

periostitis

Answer 45

inflammation of the periosteum

Question 46

podiatrist

Answer 46

a health professional who diagnoses and treats disorders of the feet

Question 47

prosthesis

Answer 47

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part

Question 48

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 48

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the synovial membranes, and other body tissues, are inflamed and thickened

Question 49

rickets

Answer 49

a deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency

Question 50

scoliosis

Answer 50

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Question 51

spina bifida

Answer 51

a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord

Question 52

spondylolithesis

Answer 52

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it

Question 53

spodylosis

Answer 53

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

Question 54

subluxation

Answer 54

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

Question 55

synovectomy

Answer 55

the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

Question 56

vertebrae

Answer 56

any one of the 33 bones (26 in the adult) of the spinal column