Chapter 4

Question 1

abduction

Answer 1

Movement of a body part away from the median plane

Question 2

adduction

Answer 2

Movement of a body part toward the median plane

Question 3

adhesion

Answer 3

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

Question 4

ataxia

Answer 4

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Question 5

bradykinesia

Answer 5

extreme slowness in movement

Question 6

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 6

swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel

Question 7

chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 7

a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia syndrome

Question 8

circumduction

Answer 8

circular movement of a limb

Question 9

atonic

Answer 9

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Question 10

contracture

Answer 10

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

Question 11

dorsiflexion

Answer 11

backward flexion or bending, as of the hand or foot.

Question 12

dyskinesia

Answer 12

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement

Question 13

dystonia

Answer 13

a condition of abnormal muscle tone

Question 14

electromyography

Answer 14

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Question 15

electroneuromyography

Answer 15

the nerve of the muscle under study is stimulated by application of an electric current.

Question 16

epicondylitis

Answer 16

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

Question 17

ergonomics

Answer 17

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

Question 18

exercise physiologist

Answer 18

Assess, plan, or implement fitness programs that include exercise or physical activities such as those designed to improve cardiorespiratory function, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, or flexibility.

Question 19

fasciitis

Answer 19

inflammation of the fascia

Question 20

fibromyalgia

Answer 20

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms

Question 21

ganglion cyst

Answer 21

a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

Question 22

heel spur

Answer 22

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachments to the heel

Question 23

hemiparesis

Answer 23

slight paralysis or weakness affecting only one side of the body

Question 24

hemiplegia

Answer 24

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

Question 25

hyperkinesia

Answer 25

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

Question 26

impingement syndrome

Answer 26

inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the ones within the shoulder joint

Question 27

intermittent claudication

Answer 27

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

Question 28

muscular dystrophy

Answer 28

a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system

Question 29

myasthenia gravis

Answer 29

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

Question 30

myocele

Answer 30

the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

Question 31

myoclonus

Answer 31

the sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

Question 32

myofascial

Answer 32

a chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body

Question 33

myolysis

Answer 33

the degeneration of muscle tissue

Question 34

myoparesis

Answer 34

weakness or slight muscle paralysis

Question 35

myorrhaphy

Answer 35

surgical suturing of a muscle

Question 36

myotonia

Answer 36

Delayed relaxation of a muscle after an initial contraction.

Question 37

nocturnal myoclonus

Answer 37

jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep

Question 38

oblique

Answer 38

at an angle

Question 39

paralysis

Answer 39

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

Question 40

paraplegia

Answer 40

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

Question 41

physiatrist

Answer 41

A physician who specializes in physical medicine.

Question 42

plantar fascitits

Answer 42

inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running

Question 43

polymyositis

Answer 43

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

Question 44

pronation

Answer 44

rotation of the hand or forearm so that the surface of the palm is facing downward or toward the back

Question 45

quadriplegia

Answer 45

paralysis of all four extremities

Question 46

sarcopenia

Answer 46

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

Question 47

shin splint

Answer 47

pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia

Question 48

singultus

Answer 48

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

Question 49

spasmodic torticollis

Answer 49

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

Question 50

sphincter

Answer 50

A ringlike muscle that normally maintains constriction of a body passage or orifice and that relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning.

Question 51

sprain

Answer 51

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament

Question 52

tenodesis

Answer 52

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone

Question 53

tenodynia

Answer 53

pain referred to a tendon.

Question 54

tenolysis

Answer 54

the release of a tendon from adhesions

Question 55

tenorrhapy

Answer 55

surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon