Chapter 5

Question 1

ACE inhibitor

Answer 1

medications administered to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure

Question 2

anemia

Answer 2

a lower than normal number of in the red blood cells in the blood

Question 3

aneurysm

Answer 3

a localized weak spot, or balloon-like enlargement, of the wall of an artery

Question 4

angioplasty

Answer 4

a procedure in which a small balloon is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen

Question 5

angina

Answer 5

episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

Question 6

anticoagulant

Answer 6

medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

Question 7

aplastic anemia

Answer 7

a condition marked by the absence of all formed blood elements

Question 8

arrhythmia

Answer 8

a loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

Question 9

atherectomy

Answer 9

surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery

Question 10

atheroma

Answer 10

a deposit of fatty plaque on or within the arterial wall

Question 11

atherosclerosis

Answer 11

hardening and narrowing of the arteries die to a buildup of cholesterol plaque

Question 12

atrial fibrillation

Answer 12

rapid irregular twitching of the muscular wall of the atria

Question 13

automated external defibulator

Answer 13

electronic equipment that externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm

Question 14

beta-blocker

Answer 14

medications administered to reduce the workload of the heart by slowing the heartbeat

Question 15

blood dyscrasia

Answer 15

any pathologic condition of the cellular element of the blood

Question 16

bradycardia

Answer 16

an abnormally slow resting heart rate, usually at a rate less than 60 beats per minute

Question 17

cardiac arrest

Answer 17

an event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood

Question 18

cardiac endarterectomy

Answer 18

surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain- reduces the risk of a stroke caused by disruption of the blood flow the brain

Question 19

cardiomyopathy

Answer 19

all diseases of the heart muscle

Question 20

cholesterol

Answer 20

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

Question 21

chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 21

a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves

Question 22

coronary thrombosis

Answer 22

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

Question 23

defibrillation

Answer 23

the use of electrical shock to restore the hearts normal rhythm

Question 24

diuretic

Answer 24

medication administered to increase urine secretion to rid the body of excess salt and water

Question 25

electrocardiogram

Answer 25

a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

Question 26

embolism

Answer 26

the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

Question 27

endocarditis

Answer 27

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Question 28

erythrocytes

Answer 28

red blood cells

Question 29

hemoglobin

Answer 29

iron-containing pigment of erythrocytes

Question 30

hemolytic anemia

Answer 30

condition characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to their premature destruction by the spleen

Question 31

hemostasis

Answer 31

to stop or control bleeding

Question 32

ischemic heart disease

Answer 32

a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood the heart

Question 33

leukemia

Answer 33

a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal white blood cells found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood

Question 34

leukopenia

Answer 34

a decrease in the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood`

Question 35

megaloblastic anemia

Answer 35

a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal

Question 36

myelodysplastic syndrome

Answer 36

a group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells

Question 37

myocardial infarction

Answer 37

the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup

Question 38

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 38

low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up

Question 39

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

Answer 39

episode that begins and ends abruptly in which there are very rapid and irregular heartbeats that originate in the atrium

Question 40

pericardium

Answer 40

double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

Question 41

pernicious anemia

Answer 41

anemia caused by a lack of protein that help the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract

Question 42

phlebitis

Answer 42

inflammation of a vein

Question 43

Raynaud's phenomenon

Answer 43

peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

Question 44

septicemia

Answer 44

caused by the presence of bacteria in the blood, symptoms include fever, tachypnea and tachycardia

Question 45

sickle cell anemia

Answer 45

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in red blood cells that assume an abnormal sickle shape

Question 46

tachycardia

Answer 46

an abnormally rapid resting heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute

Question 47

thallium stress test

Answer 47

performed to evaluate blood flow to the heart during exercise by injecting a small amount of thallium into the blood

Question 48

thrombocytopenia

Answer 48

a condition in which there is abnormally small number of platelets in the circulating blood

Question 49

thrombosis

Answer 49

the abnormal condition of having thrombus

Question 50

transfusion reaction

Answer 50

serious and potentially fatal complication in a short time blood fusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donate blood do not match

Question 51

valvulitis

Answer 51

an inflammation of a heart valve

Question 52

varicose veins

Answer 52

abnormally swollen veins usual occurring in the superficial veins on the legs

Question 53

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 53

rapid, irregular and useless and useless contractions of the ventricles