Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

developmental psychology

A

the study of human physical, cognitive, social and behavioral characteristics across the lifespan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cross sectional design

A

testing samples consisting of different age groups at a given point of time.

Disad: cohort effects, people were born and grown up in different time periods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Longitudinal design

A

follows the development of the same indivs through time.

Disad: slow and participants may drop out b/c uninterested or move away. (attrition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stage models

A

stages of our life where there is stability and rapid changes of reorganization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Conception

A

ovum and sperm come together = zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Germination

A

(conception-2 w)
where the zygote undergoes cell divisions
impantation, becomes a blastocyst, inner cells = embryo and outer cells = placent and hollow center.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

embryonic period

A

(2-8w)

develops limbs, NS, heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fetal period

A

(9w-birth)

further developing the organs and limbs. Sleep and wake cycles, muscles develop.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

preterm infants

A

born in less than 36 weeks.
<30 = 90%
<25 = 50% + survive = perm damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

reflexes

A

(last month of gestation) involuntary muscular reactions to specific types of stimulation. Help them adapt outside of the uterus.
innate responses to interacting with caregivers and eating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Myelination

A

begins prenatally, accelerates in infancy and childhood and continues gradually for many years.
- allows for voluntary motor control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

synaptogenesis

A

the forming of new synaptic connections –> blinding speeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

synaptic pruning

A

the loss of weak nerve cell connections –> slow down at adolescence. both strengthen need connections and weed out the weak ones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sensitive period

A

window of time during which exposure to a specific type of environmental stimulation is needed for normal development of a specific ability. (indicate transition = rapid change)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Piaget

A
  • studied his own children, studied cognit devel from infancy to adol
  • cognitive devel: study of changes in memory, thought, and reasoning processes that occur throughout the lifespan.
  • learning = two central processes
    (1) assimilation
    (2) accommodation

cognitive devel divided into 4 distinct stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

4 distinct stages of cog devel

A

sensorimotor –> direct interaction with their environment, object permanence
preoperational –> pretend play, language, symbols recog, conservation
concrete operational –> numerical manipulation, logical thinking, transitivity
formal operational –> scientific theory,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

core knowledge hypothesis

A

against piaget because he relied on verbal expression.
this tells us that we have inborn abilities that come with some key aspects of understanding their environment.

habituation
dishabituation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lev vygotsky

A

zone of proximal development

scaffolding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Harry Harlow

A

tested monkeys, proved evidence against that we only go to mothers for basic needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mary ainsworth

A

different response patterns to stranger anxiety.

strange situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

different patterns

A

secure
insecure –> avoidant and anxious/ambivalent
disorganized

22
Q

self awareness

A

18-24 months

23
Q

erik ericson

A

development across the lifespan

8 crises

24
Q

8 crises

A
  1. trust vs mistrust (infancy)
  2. autonomy vs shame (toddlerhood)
  3. initiative vs guilt (early childhood)
  4. industry vs inferiority (childhood)
  5. identity vs role confusion (adolescence)
  6. intimacy vs isolation (young adult)
  7. generativity vs stagnation(middle adult)
  8. ego integrity vs despair(late adult)
25
Q

prosocial behaviour

A

behaviour that is respectful of others’ needs and involves efforts to help them, while also ensuring that we are also treated with respect and that we get our own need met in ways that are fair and justified.

have this at 1 day old, crying when others cry

1 y/o instrumental helping: getting things that are out of reach
2 y/o empathetic helping: trying to make someone feel better

26
Q

attachment behavioural system

A

focusing on meeting our own needs for security

27
Q

caregiving behavioural system

A

meeting the needs of others

28
Q

introjection is bad, inductive discipline is good

A

intro: internalization of the conditional regard of significant others. Pressure
induct: explaining the consequences of a child’s actions on other people, activating empathy for other’s feeling.

29
Q

puberty

A

girls: 11
boys: 13

30
Q

menarche

A

12

31
Q

spermarche

A

14

32
Q

cognitive reframing

A

seeing mistakes as an opportunity to learn

33
Q

delay gratification

A

putting off immediate temptation in order to focus on your longer term goals.

34
Q

Kohlberg

A

moral development: learning right from wrong
3 stages
problem: relied on what they say not what they actually do

35
Q

3 stages of moral development

A
  1. preconventional morality –> self oriented, increase rewards, decrease punishments
  2. conventional morality –> based on laws
  3. postconventional morality –> justice, overlook laws
36
Q

gilligan

A

girls lead to decisions that result in social harmony

37
Q

haidt

A

social intuitionist model: moral decisions based on how we feel not what we think.
ex. disgust

38
Q

romantic relationships %

A

40-50% (15-19 y/o) had intercourse
80% oral sex
60% same sex sexual interactions

39
Q

hamar tribe

A

boys reach adulthood when they jump over cows and strip

40
Q

fulani tribe

A

boys reach adulthood in a whipping competiition

41
Q

tacuna tribe

A

girls reach adulthood when they have menarche

42
Q

bar mitzvah

A

jewish boys: 13

43
Q

bat mitzvah

A

jewish girls 12

44
Q

japan

A

seijin shiki

45
Q

north america

A

17-18

46
Q

3 areas of personal growth in emerging adults

A

relationships
new possibilities
personal strength

47
Q

transition from young adult to middle adult

A

menopause, decrease in testosterone

48
Q

Gottman and levenson

A

the four horsemen of the apocalypse

  1. criticism
  2. defensiveness
  3. contempt
  4. stonewalling
49
Q

socioemotional selectivity theory

A

older people have learned to select for themselves more positive and nourishing experiences

50
Q

dementia

A

mild severe disruption of mental functioning, memory loss, disorientation, and poor judgement and decision making. 14% of those over 71 y/o.

51
Q

alzeheimers disease

A

a degenerative and terminal condition resulting in severe damage to the entire brain. 10% of the cases of dementia. usually occur 7-10 years before death.

first sign: forgetting
poor judgement, mood and personality changes
progression: severe confusion, memory loss and forget family members.
extreme: forget themselves and lose control of bodily functions

52
Q

cause of alzheimers

A

plaques –> protein build up between neurons

neurofibulary tangles –> protein tangles within cells

Psychology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions