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Psychology > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who are more likely to seek help

A

women > men
Canadian and american > everyone else
2/3 of canadians do not however.
middle ages 35-55 y/os

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2
Q

why we dont seek help

A

difficult for someone to accept they have a problem
dont wanna effect the people around us
we are not the same dependable person as we were before
skepticism about the effectiveness of getting help.
cultural stigma
TOP REASON –> money, people find medicine the most affordable.
cant access help from urban centers.

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3
Q

involuntary treatment

A

being forced to get treated, because they risk their safety or the safety of others.
however may be biased against minority communities.

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4
Q

Clinical psychologists

A

have a Ph. D in clinical psych and they are experts at diagnosing menal disorders and in providing non drug treatments for mental disorders.
not certified to prescribe drugs and perform brain surgery.

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5
Q

counselling psychs

A

may either have masters or phD level training and they can provide non drug treatments for relatively mild mental disorders and mental health problems

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6
Q

Psychiatrists

A

have a medical degree and are specialists in mental disorder treatment and diagnosis, and they are qualified to prescribe medications.
also do non drug treatments.

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7
Q

neurosurgeons

A

are specialized in performing brain surgery, dont have expertise in diagnosing mental disorders.

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8
Q

residential treatment centres

A

people with severe but treatable problems go here so they can go back into the community.

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9
Q

community psychology

A

working on improving the family and social context that can make the healing development of mental disorders more likely to occur.

how all the environmental factors influence our mental health –> services avail, people around us…
–> community psychs will promote healthy lifestyle practices, family bonding, and skills that support resilience.

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10
Q

Emperically supported treatments

A

are those that have been validated as effected through rigorous scientific investigation.

the treatments we should receive.

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11
Q

bibliotherapy

A

involves seeking mental health assistance from books or online resources.

all depends on the resource, type of disorder, the person themselves, and what the person does with the advice.

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12
Q

Psychological therapies

A

any technique for improving mental health that doesnt involve either taking medication or having surgery

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13
Q

insight therapies

A

finding the root cause.

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14
Q

psychodynamic therapies

A

sigmund freud
seek out the unconscious causes of psychological problems, with the assumption that awareness of the cause of those problems will provide the cure.

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15
Q

Transference

A

analyzing how the client reacts in the social context of the therapy session, so they can determine unconscious conflicts from their past in regards to their relationship with their parents. etc.

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16
Q

object relations therapy

A

rely on a clients conscious self reflection and what they remember about their past to understand the source of their mental health problems.

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17
Q

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

A

Harry stack sullivan
improves clients success in relationships, the therapist interacts with them as a participant observer to determine the social patterns they engage in.

Goal –> develop social skills in realtion to other people and figure out how their mental thoughts get in the way.

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18
Q

Humanistic existential psychotherapy

A

opposes psychodynamic theory.

idea that people will naturally pursue self-fulfillment if they receive enough support, acceptance and encouragement.

the therapist is not so directive, plays a more supportive, coach type of role.

  • -> encourages them to solve problems on their own.
  • -> reach self actualization.
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19
Q

humanistic approach

A

carl rogers
–> founder of client or person centered psychotherapy.
goal of the therapist is to build a social relationship in which the client can explore the source of their own problems and develop solutions.

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20
Q

Conditions of worth

A

expectation imposed by other people that lead us away from being our true selves and reaching our fullest potential.

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21
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

the therapist accepts, non judgementally and supportively, all of the views that their clients express.
allows them to be their true selves.

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22
Q

Existentialist psychotherapy

A

the main goal is for a client to confront sources of sadness, discomfort or fear.

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23
Q

A phenomenological approach

A

the emphasis is on current, ongoing conscious thought, perceptions, and feelings, instead of unconscious conflicts ad long ago experiences.

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24
Q

emotion focused therapy

A

clients consciously experience - emotions and explore sources of their sadness, anxiety or anger to develop skill in controlling - thoughts and extreme emotional reactions.

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25
The effectiveness of insight therapies depend on..
quality of the relationship between the client and the therapist and on the clients verbal skills
26
Behavioural therapies
the approach is to determine the rewards or habits that support - behaviours to eliminate those and eplace them with + behaviours bhaviourist approach
27
systematic desesitization
eliminating phobias by combining gradual exposure to the source of the phobia with relaxation techniques
28
flooding
eliminating phobias through extreme exposure
29
modeling
eliminating phboias by seeing someone else with it. and everything turns out ok
30
Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE)
educing fear responses through safe exposure using this.
31
aversive conditioning
seeking to eliminate - behaviors by replacing the reward people experience with a punishment. ex: biting finger nails
32
Cognitive behavioural therapy CBT
used to treat depression cognitive base of therapy , behavioral base, and mindfulness based.
33
cognitive base of therapy
cognitive restructuring: showing a person how to recognize when their thoughts are irrationally - and to adopt perspective and patterns of thinking that are more productive and hopeful
34
Behavioural base of therapy
stress inoculation training: helping a client reduce the severe emotional reactions that they experience when under stress. not focused on childhood problems good for mood disorders,OCD, and disorders with addictions more time saving than insight, no drug effects but sometimes good with drugs such as depression and panic disorder
35
mindfulness based cognitive therapy MBCT
developed in canada goal is to develop greater self awareness and self acceptance through nonjudemental self reflection. combined mindfulness meditation techniques from eastern cultures with cognitive theraputal techniques. acceptance of weaknesses and strengths
36
daniel siegal
minfulness consists of 4 components COAL Curious --> about ones self open --> accept + and - aspects of one's self. accepting --> all the aspects of one's self, good and bad loving --> as much as to what makes us flawed and prones to mistakes and our talents.
37
decentering
involves procesing ones own behaviours and experiences from a more objetive point of view, which can be a more + perspective for some people.
38
group therapy
treating people in groups, lets them know they arent the only ones, those with similar challenges.
39
family therapy
which members of a family seek therapy to resolve problems. | effective if members are showing maladaptive beavior because of the relationship that exists between them.
40
a systems approach to psychotherapy
approach assumes that psychological problems are not only caused by the person suffering themselves?, but can also emerge from the actions of other people in their lives
41
Psychopharmacotherapy
taking medications that are known to influence neurological processes to help reduce mental health problems
42
psychotic drugs
prescription medications that can influence brain processes by crossing the blood brain barrier effects the brain by influencing NT levels in the brain's synapses --> increase or decrease in getting AP
43
antidepressant drugs
treating symptoms of major depression Increase amount of serotonin, NE, dopamine
44
ex. of antidepressant drugs
monoamine oxidase inhibitors tricyclic antidepressants selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
45
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
stops MOA from breaking down NE and dopamin, and serotonin
46
tricyclic antidepressants
block reuptake of serotonin and NE
47
SSRIs
reuptake of serotonin in brain's synapses. (recycle)
48
mood stabilizers
treating the extreme ups and downs of bipolar disorder.
49
examples of mood stabilizers
lithium, valproate --> reduce mania symp.
50
antianxiety drugs
treat symptoms of anxiety disorders enhance the capacity of GABA --> reduces chances of neurons to fire
51
antipsychotic drugs
treat symptoms of psychosis, including hallucinations, delusions, and other bizarre behaviors and thoughts that reflect a loss of contact with reality. may also be applied to ppl with bipolar disorder.
52
examples of antipsychotic drugs
haldol, thorazine blocked dopamine site, long term use = tardive dyskinesia
53
tardive dyskinesia
``` protrusions and rolling of the tongue involuntary sucked and smacking of lips involuntary chewing motions facial tics involuntary limb movements ```
54
atypical antipsychotics
have fewer side effects than antipsychotic drugs. only work with 50% of those with psychotic symp. effects get weaker over time
55
ex. of atypical antipsychotics
clozapine | --> reduce activity of dopamine and serotonin receptor sites.
56
Frontal lobotomy
removal or disconnection of regions of the brain's cortex
57
Dr. Antonio Moniz
Damagin the prefrontal cortex may be good for treating mental psychosis and other mental disorders. Leucotomy
58
Leucotomy
drilling holes into patient's skull and inserting a wire loop called the loopatone and spinning the wire around to destroy the underlying brain tissue
59
Dr. Walter Freeman and James Watts
created a variation of moniz's technique, Trans-orbital (icepick) lobotomy
60
Icepick Lobotomy
used eye sockes as a way to get to the brain tissue when inserted, the ice pick was pushed through by banging it with a hammer and into the brain, Trying to detach the prefrontal lobes. did not perform with anesthetic, used electricity to stimulate brain seizures to figure out the location
61
The lobotomobile
40 000 ppl | death of 15% of patients
62
Focal Lesions
involves destroying small areas of the brain and only used in quite severe cases of disorder
63
anterior cingulotomy
destroying cells in the anterior cingulate cortex for severe cases of depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive disorder area is overactive in people with these disorders a treatment used when no other treatments seem to be working
64
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
an electric current is passed through a person's brain to stimulate a seizure effective at treating severe cases of major depression
65
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
when stimulating regions of the frontal lobes, this technique can also reduce major depression symps. a magnetic field is used to temporarily disable or stimulate particular regions of the brain reduce depression symp by stim frontal lobes.
66
deep brain stimulation (DBS)
involves stimulating specific brain areas with electricity can result in very fast and sig reduction in symps of depression and OCD risk some brain damage, internal bleeding and infections due to wire inserted into the brain. --> may cause aggression and depression as a result.

Psychology (14 decks)

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