Flashcards in Chapter 10 Deck (51):
1
ankylosis
stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion
2
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass)
3
claudication
lameness, limping
4
contracture
fibrosis of CT in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
5
crepitation
dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
6
electromyography
use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction
7
exacerbation
increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms
8
ganglion cyst
tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist (to treat: inject with anti-inflammatory agent)
9
hemarthrosis
effusion of blood into a joint cavity
10
hypotonia
loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
11
multiple myeloma
primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow (progressive, typically fatal disease that causes multiple tumor masses and bone fractures)
12
osteophyte
bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord also called bone spur
13
phantom limb
perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
14
prosthesis
replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity
15
rickets
form of osteomalacia in children caused by vit D deficiency, also called rachitis
16
sequestrum
fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
17
spondylolisthesis
any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it
18
spondylosis
degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues (may cause pressure on nerve roots w/subsequent pain or paresthesia in the extremities)
19
sprain
tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete
20
strain
to exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular
21
subluxation
partial or incomplete dislocation
22
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot (the heel never rests on the ground - treatment: casts to straighten the foot)
23
chondrosarcoma
cartilaginous sarcoma
24
comminuted fracture
describes a bone that has splintered into pieces
25
Ewing sarcoma
type of sarcoma that attacks the shafts rather than the ends of long bones
26
gout
metabolic disease caused by accumulation of uric acid, usually in the big toe
27
greenstick fracture
bone that is partially bent and partially broken; occurs in children
28
hematopoiesis
development and production of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
29
kyphosis
exaggeration of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column; hunpback
30
muscular dystrophy
disease causing degeneration of muscles
31
myasthenia gravis
chronic neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness manifested in ocular muscles
32
necrosis
death of cells, tissues, or organs
33
osteoporosis
disease caused by a decrease in bone density; occurs in the eldery
34
pyogenic
formation of pus
35
scoliosis
deviation of the spine to the right or left
36
spondylitis
inflammation of the vertebrae
37
myelography
radiograph of spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium
38
open reduction
treatment of bone fractures by use of surgery to place bones in normal position
39
gold salts
used to treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity with the immune system
40
CTS
painful disorder of the wrist and hand due to compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
41
laminectomy
excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
42
arthrography
series of joint radiographs preceded by injection of a radiopaque substance or air into the joint cavity
43
arthrodesis
surgical binding or immobilizing of a joint
44
amputation
partial or complete removal of a limb
45
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
46
salicylates
relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation
47
arthroscopy
visual examination of a joint's interior, especially the knee
48
sequestrectomy
excising a segment of necrosed bone
49
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
50
relaxants
relieve muscle spasms and stiffness
51