Chapter 10

Question 1

ankylosis

Answer 1

stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion

Question 2

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Answer 2

painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass)

Question 3

claudication

Answer 3

lameness, limping

Question 4

contracture

Answer 4

fibrosis of CT in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

Question 5

crepitation

Answer 5

dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

Question 6

electromyography

Answer 6

use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction

Question 7

exacerbation

Answer 7

increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms

Question 8

ganglion cyst

Answer 8

tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist (to treat: inject with anti-inflammatory agent)

Question 9

hemarthrosis

Answer 9

effusion of blood into a joint cavity

Question 10

hypotonia

Answer 10

loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching

Question 11

multiple myeloma

Answer 11

primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow (progressive, typically fatal disease that causes multiple tumor masses and bone fractures)

Question 12

osteophyte

Answer 12

bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord also called bone spur

Question 13

phantom limb

Answer 13

perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists

Question 14

prosthesis

Answer 14

replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity

Question 15

rickets

Answer 15

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vit D deficiency, also called rachitis

Question 16

sequestrum

Answer 16

fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

Question 17

spondylolisthesis

Answer 17

any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it

Question 18

spondylosis

Answer 18

degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues (may cause pressure on nerve roots w/subsequent pain or paresthesia in the extremities)

Question 19

sprain

Answer 19

tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete

Question 20

strain

Answer 20

to exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular

Question 21

subluxation

Answer 21

partial or incomplete dislocation

Question 22

talipes equinovarus

Answer 22

congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot (the heel never rests on the ground - treatment: casts to straighten the foot)

Question 23

chondrosarcoma

Answer 23

cartilaginous sarcoma

Question 24

comminuted fracture

Answer 24

describes a bone that has splintered into pieces

Question 25

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 25

type of sarcoma that attacks the shafts rather than the ends of long bones

Question 26

gout

Answer 26

metabolic disease caused by accumulation of uric acid, usually in the big toe

Question 27

greenstick fracture

Answer 27

bone that is partially bent and partially broken; occurs in children

Question 28

hematopoiesis

Answer 28

development and production of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

Question 29

kyphosis

Answer 29

exaggeration of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column; hunpback

Question 30

muscular dystrophy

Answer 30

disease causing degeneration of muscles

Question 31

myasthenia gravis

Answer 31

chronic neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness manifested in ocular muscles

Question 32

necrosis

Answer 32

death of cells, tissues, or organs

Question 33

osteoporosis

Answer 33

disease caused by a decrease in bone density; occurs in the eldery

Question 34

pyogenic

Answer 34

formation of pus

Question 35

scoliosis

Answer 35

deviation of the spine to the right or left

Question 36

spondylitis

Answer 36

inflammation of the vertebrae

Question 37

myelography

Answer 37

radiograph of spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium

Question 38

open reduction

Answer 38

treatment of bone fractures by use of surgery to place bones in normal position

Question 39

gold salts

Answer 39

used to treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity with the immune system

Question 40

CTS

Answer 40

painful disorder of the wrist and hand due to compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel

Question 41

laminectomy

Answer 41

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra

Question 42

arthrography

Answer 42

series of joint radiographs preceded by injection of a radiopaque substance or air into the joint cavity

Question 43

arthrodesis

Answer 43

surgical binding or immobilizing of a joint

Question 44

amputation

Answer 44

partial or complete removal of a limb

Question 45

HNP

Answer 45

herniated nucleus pulposus

Question 46

salicylates

Answer 46

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation

Question 47

arthroscopy

Answer 47

visual examination of a joint's interior, especially the knee

Question 48

sequestrectomy

Answer 48

excising a segment of necrosed bone

Question 49

ACL

Answer 49

anterior cruciate ligament

Question 50

relaxants

Answer 50

relieve muscle spasms and stiffness

Question 51

closed reduction

Answer 51

manipulative treatment of bone fractures by placing the bones in normal position without incision