Flashcards in Chapter 6 Deck (51):
1
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
2
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection
3
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
4
borborygmus
rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
5
cachexia
physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer (state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting)
6
cholelithiasis
presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct (may or may not produce symptoms)
7
cirrhosis
scarring and dysfunction of the liver cause by chronic liver disease (commonly caused by chronic alcoholism)
8
colic
spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain
9
Crohn disease
chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract, also called regional enteritis (may cause fever, cramping, diarrhea, and weight loss)
10
deglutition
act of swallowing
11
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea.
12
dyspepsia
epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion (poor digestion)
13
dysphagia
inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia
14
eructation
producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching
15
fecalith
fecal concretion
16
flatus
gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus
17
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
18
halitosis
offensive, or bad breath
19
hematemesis
vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
20
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon
21
malabsorption syndrome
symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
22
melena
passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
23
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight
24
morbid obesity
BMI of 40 or greater, generally 100lbs or more over ideal body weight
25
obstipation
severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
26
oral leukoplakia
formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation
27
peristalsis
progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially in the GI tract
28
pyloric stenosis
stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
29
regurgitation
backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
30
steatorrhea
passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it.
31
lesion
open sore
32
PTHC
percutaneous transhepatic radiographic examination of bile ducts
33
bilirubin
breakdown product of hemoglobin, excreted from the body as bile
34
emetics
agents that produce vomiting
35
antispasmodics
agents that alleviate muscle spasms
36
choledochoplasty
surgical reconstruction of a bile duct
37
lower GI series
administration of barium enema while a series of radiographs are taken of the large intestine
38
gastroscopy
visual examination of the stomach
39
stomatoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the mouth
40
intubation
insertion of a tube into any hollow organ
41
anastomosis
surgical formation of a passage or opening between two hollow viscera or vessels
42
stool guaiac
detects presence of blood in teh feces; also called Hemoccult
43
endoscopy
visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument
44
laxatives
used to treat constipation
45
antacids
neutralize excess acid in the stomach and help to relieve gastritis and ulcer pain
46
ultrasonography
procedure in which high-frequency sound waves produce images of internal body structures that are displayed on a monitor
47
liver function tests
measures the levels of certain enzymes, bilirubin, and various proteins
48
bariatric
surgery that treats morbid obesity
49
stat.
immediately
50
proctosigmoidoscopy
endoscopic procedure for visualization of the rectosigmoid colon
51