Chapter 6

Question 1

anorexia

Answer 1

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

Question 2

appendicitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection

Question 3

ascites

Answer 3

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 4

borborygmus

Answer 4

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

Question 5

cachexia

Answer 5

physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer (state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting)

Question 6

cholelithiasis

Answer 6

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct (may or may not produce symptoms)

Question 7

cirrhosis

Answer 7

scarring and dysfunction of the liver cause by chronic liver disease (commonly caused by chronic alcoholism)

Question 8

colic

Answer 8

spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain

Question 9

Crohn disease

Answer 9

chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract, also called regional enteritis (may cause fever, cramping, diarrhea, and weight loss)

Question 10

deglutition

Answer 10

act of swallowing

Question 11

dysentery

Answer 11

inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea.

Question 12

dyspepsia

Answer 12

epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion (poor digestion)

Question 13

dysphagia

Answer 13

inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia

Question 14

eructation

Answer 14

producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching

Question 15

fecalith

Answer 15

fecal concretion

Question 16

flatus

Answer 16

gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

Question 17

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 17

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

Question 18

halitosis

Answer 18

offensive, or bad breath

Question 19

hematemesis

Answer 19

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

Question 20

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 20

symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon

Question 21

malabsorption syndrome

Answer 21

symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

Question 22

melena

Answer 22

passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices

Question 23

obesity

Answer 23

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

Question 24

morbid obesity

Answer 24

BMI of 40 or greater, generally 100lbs or more over ideal body weight

Question 25

obstipation

Answer 25

severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

Question 26

oral leukoplakia

Answer 26

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation

Question 27

peristalsis

Answer 27

progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially in the GI tract

Question 28

pyloric stenosis

Answer 28

stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

Question 29

regurgitation

Answer 29

backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

Question 30

steatorrhea

Answer 30

passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it.

Question 31

lesion

Answer 31

open sore

Question 32

PTHC

Answer 32

percutaneous transhepatic radiographic examination of bile ducts

Question 33

bilirubin

Answer 33

breakdown product of hemoglobin, excreted from the body as bile

Question 34

emetics

Answer 34

agents that produce vomiting

Question 35

antispasmodics

Answer 35

agents that alleviate muscle spasms

Question 36

choledochoplasty

Answer 36

surgical reconstruction of a bile duct

Question 37

lower GI series

Answer 37

administration of barium enema while a series of radiographs are taken of the large intestine

Question 38

gastroscopy

Answer 38

visual examination of the stomach

Question 39

stomatoplasty

Answer 39

surgical reconstruction of the mouth

Question 40

intubation

Answer 40

insertion of a tube into any hollow organ

Question 41

anastomosis

Answer 41

surgical formation of a passage or opening between two hollow viscera or vessels

Question 42

stool guaiac

Answer 42

detects presence of blood in teh feces; also called Hemoccult

Question 43

endoscopy

Answer 43

visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument

Question 44

laxatives

Answer 44

used to treat constipation

Question 45

antacids

Answer 45

neutralize excess acid in the stomach and help to relieve gastritis and ulcer pain

Question 46

ultrasonography

Answer 46

procedure in which high-frequency sound waves produce images of internal body structures that are displayed on a monitor

Question 47

liver function tests

Answer 47

measures the levels of certain enzymes, bilirubin, and various proteins

Question 48

bariatric

Answer 48

surgery that treats morbid obesity

Question 49

stat.

Answer 49

immediately

Question 50

proctosigmoidoscopy

Answer 50

endoscopic procedure for visualization of the rectosigmoid colon

Question 51

upper GI series

Answer 51

barium solution swallowed for radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum