Flashcards in Chapter 7 Deck (62):
1
acidosis
excessive acidity of body fluids
2
anosmia
absence of the sense of smell
3
apnea
temporary loss of breathing
4
sleep apnea
sleeping disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly for more than 10 seconds, causing measurable blood deoxygenation
5
What are the 3 types of apnea?
1. obstructive (enlarged tonsils and adenoids)
2. central (failure of the brain to transmit impulses for breathing)
3. mixed (combination of obstructive and central)
6
asphyxia
condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
7
atelectasis
collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung
8
cheyne-Stokes respiration
repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all
9
compliance
ease with which lung tissue can be stretched
10
coryza
head cold; upper respiratory infection
11
crackle
abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale
12
croup
common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages, and sometimes lungs
13
deviated nasal septum
displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils
14
epiglottitis
severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occur most commonly in children between 2 and 12
15
epistaxis
nosebleed; nasal hemorrhage
16
finger clubbing
enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease
17
hypoxemia
deficiency of oxygen in the blood
18
hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen in tissues
19
pertussis
acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound; also called whooping cough
20
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis
21
pneumoconiosis
disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust (anthrocosis), stone dust (chalicosis), iron dust (siderosis), and asbestos particles (asbestosis)
22
pulmonary edema
accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissue and alveoli, caused most commonly by heart failure, and induces cough and dyspnea
23
pulmonary embolus
blockage in an artery of the lung caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria)
24
rhonchus
abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation; rattling sound like snoring
25
stridor
high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway
26
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months of age; also called crib death
27
wheeze
whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway
28
Mantoux test
intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen
29
oximetry
noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry
30
polysomnography
test of sleep cycles and stages
31
pulmonary function tests
multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane
32
spirometry
measurement of ventilatory ability by assessing lung capacity and flow, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air
33
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope (through the nose or mouth and trachea)
34
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities
35
mediastinoscopy
visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes
36
lavage
irrigating or washing out of an organ, stomach, bladder, bowel, or body cavity with a stream of water or other fluid
37
antral lavage
irrigation or washing of the antrum (maxillary sinus) in chronic or non responsive sinusitis
38
postural drainage
positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs
39
pleurectomy
excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal
40
pneumectomy
excision of a lung
41
rhinoplasty
reconstruction of the nose to correct deformities or for cosmetic purposes
42
septoplasty
surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when septum is encroaching on a breathing passages or nasal structures
43
thoracentesis
surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called peurocentesis or thoracocentesis
44
tracheostomy
surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted
45
empyema
pus in the pleural cavity
46
surfactant
phospholipid that allows the lungs to expand with ease
47
consolidation
loss of sponginess of lungs due to engorgement
48
auscultation
listening to chest sounds using a stethoscope
49
tubercles
granulomas associated with tuberculosis
50
emphysema
disease characterized by a decrease in alveolar elasticity
51
lung scan
imaging procedure that uses radionuclide to evaluate blood flow in the lungs
52
radiography
producing images using an x-ray machine
53
antihistamine
relieves sneezing, runny nose, itchiness, and rashes
54
antitussive
relieves or suppresses coughing
55
sweat test
used primarily in children to confirm cystic fibrosis
56
AFB
TB organism
57
aerosol therapy
inhalation of medication directly into the respiratory system via a nebulizer
58
decongestant
decreases mucous membrane swelling by constricting blood vessels
59
ABGs
laboratory tests to assess gases and pH of arterial blood
60
expectorant
reduces the viscosity of sputum to facilitate productive coughing
61
throat culture
used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
62