stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion
ankylosis
<p>painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass)</p>
<p>carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)</p>
lameness, limping
claudication
<p>fibrosis of CT in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint</p>
<p>contracture</p>
<p>dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction</p>
<p>crepitation</p>
use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction
electromyography
<p>increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms</p>
<p>exacerbation</p>
tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist (to treat: inject with anti-inflammatory agent)
ganglion cyst
<p>effusion of blood into a joint cavity</p>
<p>hemarthrosis</p>
loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
hypotonia
<p>primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow (progressive, typically fatal disease that causes multiple tumor masses and bone fractures)</p>
<p>multiple myeloma</p>
<p>bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord also called bone spur</p>
<p>osteophyte</p>
<p>perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists</p>
<p>phantom limb</p>
<p>replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity</p>
<p>prosthesis</p>
<p>form of osteomalacia in children caused by vit D deficiency, also called rachitis</p>
<p>rickets</p>
fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue</p>
sequestrum
<p>any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it</p>
<p>spondylolisthesis</p>
degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related to tissues (may cause pressure on nerve roots w/subsequent pain or paresthesia in the extremities)
spondylosis
<p>tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete</p>
<p>sprain</p>
<p>to exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular</p>
<p>strain</p>
<p>partial or incomplete dislocation</p>
<p>subluxation</p>
<p>congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot (the heel never rests on the ground - treatment: casts to straighten the foot)</p>
<p>talipes equinovarus</p>
<p>cartilaginous sarcoma</p>
<p>chondrosarcoma</p>
<p>describes a bone that has splintered into pieces</p>
<p>comminuted fracture</p>
<p>type of sarcoma that attacks the shafts rather than the ends of long bones</p>
<p>Ewing sarcoma</p>
<p>metabolic disease caused by accumulation of uric acid, usually in the big toe</p>
<p>gout</p>
<p>bone that is partially bent and partially broken; occurs in children</p>
<p>greenstick fracture</p>
<p>development and production of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow</p>
<p>hematopoiesis</p>
<p>exaggeration of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column; hunpback</p>
<p>kyphosis</p>
<p>disease causing degeneration of muscles</p>
<p>muscular dystrophy</p>
<p>chronic neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness manifested in ocular muscles</p>
<p>myasthenia gravis</p>
<p>death of cells, tissues, or organs</p>
<p>necrosis</p>
<p>disease caused by a decrease in bone density; occurs in the eldery</p>
<p>osteoporosis</p>
<p>formation of pus</p>
<p>pyogenic</p>
<p>deviation of the spine to the right or left</p>
<p>scoliosis</p>
<p>inflammation of the vertebrae</p>
<p>spondylitis</p>
<p>radiograph of spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium</p>
<p>myelography</p>
<p>treatment of bone fractures by use of surgery to place bones in normal position</p>
<p>open reduction</p>
<p>used to treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity with the immune system</p>
<p>gold salts</p>
<p>painful disorder of the wrist and hand due to compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel</p>
<p>CTS</p>
<p>excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra</p>
<p>laminectomy</p>
<p>series of joint radiographs preceded by injection of a radiopaque substance or air into the joint cavity</p>
<p>arthrography</p>
<p>surgical binding or immobilizing of a joint</p>
<p>arthrodesis</p>
<p>partial or complete removal of a limb</p>
<p>amputation</p>
<p>herniated nucleus pulposus</p>
<p>HNP</p>
<p>relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation</p>
<p>salicylates</p>
<p>visual examination of a joint's interior, especially the knee</p>
<p>arthroscopy</p>
<p>excising a segment of necrosed bone</p>
<p>sequestrectomy</p>
<p>anterior cruciate ligament</p>
<p>ACL</p>
<p>relieve muscle spasms and stiffness</p>
<p>relaxants</p>
<p>manipulative treatment of bone fractures by placing the bones in normal position without incision</p>
<p>closed reduction</p>