Flashcards in Chapter 8 Deck (60):
1
aneurysm
Localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery
2
arrest
Condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop
3
cardiac arrest
loss of effective cardiac function, which results in cessation of circulation
4
circulatory arrest
cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation
5
arrhythmia
inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus ryhthm, possibly including a rapid or slow beat or "skipping" a beat; also called dysrthythmia
6
bruit
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur
7
cardiomyopathy
any disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminished cardiac function
8
catheter
thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure
9
coarctation
narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta
10
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs
11
ejection fraction (EF)
calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction. left ventricular EF averages 50-70% in healthy hearts
12
heart failure (HF)
failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs
13
embolus
mass of undissolved matter (foreign object, air, gas tissue, thrombus) circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel
14
fibrillation
quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions
15
hemostasis
arrest of bleeding or circulation
16
hyperlipidemia
excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood
17
hypertension (HTN)
common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic.
18
Primary hypertension
HTN in which there is no identifiable cause; also called essential hypertension. most common form
19
Secondary hypertension
HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable, commonly correctable cause
20
hypertensive heart disease
any heart disorder caused by prolonged hypertension, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure
21
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrilation by sending electric impulses to the heart
22
infarct
area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply
23
ischemia
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction
24
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of teh mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on ausculation (common s/s = palpitations, panic attacks)
25
radioisotope
chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or a structure
26
palpitation
sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including: Thumping, fluttering, skipped beats, or a pounding feeling in the chest
27
patent ductus arteriosus
failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary (lung) artery
28
perfusion
circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ
29
tetralogy of fallot
congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: 1. pulmonary artery stenosis; 2. interventricular septal defect; 3/ transposition of the aorta, so that both ventricles empy into the aorta; 4. right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle
30
stent
slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries
31
thrombus
blood clot that obstructs a vessel
32
cardiac catheterization (CC)
passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart (look at blood flow)
33
electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs (help diagnose abnormal heart rhythms)
34
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
35
incompetent
inability of a valve to close completely
36
angina
chest pain
37
varices
varicose veins of the esophagus
38
vegetations
small masses of inflammatory material found on the leaflets of valves
39
Holter Monitor test
24- hour ECG tracing taken with a small, portable recording system
40
echocardiography
noninvasive ultrasound diagnostic test used to visualize internal cardiac structures
41
coronary angiography
radiological examination of the blood vessels of and around the heart
42
nitrates
agents used to treat angina
43
statins
drugs that have powerful lipid-lowering properties
44
diuretics
management of edema associated with heart failure and hypertension
45
cardiac enzyme studies
include troponin T, troponin I, creatinine kinase
46
scintigraphy
injection and detection of radioactive isotopes to create images and identify function and disease
47
stress test
ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions
48
ligation and stripping
tying of a varicose vein and subsequent removal
49
commissurotomy
surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve
50
arterial biopsy
removal of a small segment of an artery for diagnostic purposes
51
catheter ablation
destruction of conductive tissue of the heart to interrupt abnormal contractions
52
embolization
technique used to block blood flow to a site by injecting an occluding agent
53
angioplasty
procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation
54
PTCA
dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter
55
CABG
surgery that creates a bypass around a blocked segment of a coronary artery
56
atherectomy
removal of occluding material using a cutting or grinding device
57
venipuncture
incision or puncture of a vein to remove blood or introduce fluids
58
thrombolysis
destruction of a blood clot
59
hypercholesterolemia
elevation of cholesterol in the blood. has been associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis
60