chapter 10 blood

Question 1

what color is oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood?

Answer 1

oxygen rich blood is scarlet red

oxygen poor blood is dull red/ purple

Question 2

what does blood taste like?

Answer 2

metallic and salty

Question 3

what is the PH of normal blood?

Answer 3

7.35-7.45 (slightly alkaline)

Question 4

what is the temperature of blood?

Answer 4

about 38 degrees C / 100.4 degrees F

Question 5

about how much blood is found in a healthy adult?

Answer 5

about 5-6 quarts

Question 6

what % of body weight is made up of blood?

Answer 6

about 8%

Question 7

what % of plasma is made of water?

Answer 7

about 90%

Question 8

what dissolved substances are found in plasma?

Answer 8

1) nutrients
2) salts(electrolytes)
3) respiratory gases
4) hormones
5) plasma proteins
6) waste

Question 9

what is the most abundant solute in plasma?

Answer 9

plasma proteins

Question 10

where are most plasma proteins produced?

Answer 10

the liver

Question 11

albumin =

clotting proteins =

antibodies =

Answer 11

albumin = a plasma protein that is an important blood buffer that contributes to osmotic pressure

clotting proteins = plasma proteins that help stem blood loss when a vessel is injured

antibodies = plasma proteins that help protect the body from pathogens

Question 12

what color is plasma?

Answer 12

straw colored

Question 13

how is blood PH restored when it becomes too acidic or alkaline?

Answer 13

respiratory and urinary systems restore it

Question 14

what element of blood is responsible for heat distribution?

Answer 14

plasma

Question 15

what 3 components make up “whole blood”?

what % of “whole blood” do they make up?

Answer 15

erythrocytes = about 44%

buffy coat = about 1%

plasma = about 55%

Question 16

what is buffy coat?

Answer 16

leukocytes and platelets

Question 17

blood smear =

Answer 17

blood smeared on a slide to be viewed with a microscope

Question 18

what are the 3 functions of blood?

Answer 18

1) transportation
2) regulation
3) protection

Question 19

what does blood transport?

Answer 19

1) oxygen
2) carbon dioxide
3) hormones
4) nutrients
5) waste

Question 20

what does blood help regulate?

Answer 20

1) body temp
2) PH
3) fluid levels in the cardiovascular system

Question 21

what does blood protect against?

Answer 21

leukocytes gaurd against infection by triggering immune response to antigens

Question 22

antigen =

Answer 22

substances the body perceives as foreign that trigger an immune response

Question 23

hematocrit =

Answer 23

the %volume of erythrocytes in blood

Question 24

hematocrit varies with what?

Answer 24

1) age (children are more variable)
2) sex (men are slightly higher on average

Question 25

what is the lifespan of a healthy erythrocyte?

Answer 25

120 days

Question 26

are erythrocytes considered to be true cells? why or why not?

Answer 26

no, they lack a nucleus and organelles

Question 27

what is the diameter of a normal erythrocyte?

Answer 27

7.5 micro meters

Question 28

what is a rouleau?

Answer 28

the single file erythrocytes line up in as they pass through small blood vessels

Question 29

how much hemoglobin is contained within a single erythrocyte?

Answer 29

about 280 million molecules

Question 30

what component of erythrocytes transports respiratory gases?

Answer 30

hemoglobin

Question 31

oxygenated hemoglobin = deoxygenated hemoglobin =

Answer 31

oxygenated hemoglobin = fully loaded with oxygen deoxygenated hemoglobin = some oxygen is lost and carbon dioxide is gained

Question 32

what is the life cycle / recycling process of erythrocyte components?

Answer 32

1) erythrocytes form in red marrow 2) erythrocytes enter blood and circulate for about 120 days 3) ages erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen 4) heme components are recycled 5) amino acids break down erythrocyte membranes and globin proteins which is used to make new erythrocytes

Question 33

heme =

Answer 33

the iron component of blood

Question 34

anemia =

Answer 34

a decreaced ability of the blood to carry oxygen

Question 35

anemia can be due to :

Answer 35

1) lower than normal number of erythrocytes 2) abnormal or deficient hemoglobin content in erythrocytes

Question 36

sickle cell anemia =

Answer 36

abnormally shaped hemoglobin

Question 37

leukopenia =

Answer 37

reduced number of white blood cells

Question 38

leukocytosis =

Answer 38

increased number of leukocytes in blood

Question 39

which leukocytes are granulocytes?

Answer 39

1) neutrophils 2) eosinophils 3) basophils

Question 40

which leukocytes are agranulocytes?

Answer 40

1) lymphocytes 2) monocytes

Question 41

what is the mnemonic for leukocytes from most to least abundant?

Answer 41

never let monkeys eat bananas

Question 42

what are the leukocytes from most to least abundant?

Answer 42

1) neutrophils 2) lymphocytes 3) monocytes 4) eosinophils 5) basophils

Question 43

platelets =

Answer 43

small, irregular, membrane enclosed cell fragments that dont have a nucleus and are involved in clotting

Question 44

where are platelets produced and what are they produced from?

Answer 44

theyre produced in the red bone marrow from cells called megakaryocytes

Question 45

thrombocytopenia =

Answer 45

abnormally small number of platelets

Question 46

leukemia =

Answer 46

cancer in leukocyte forming cells has no solid tumors

Question 47

acute leukemia =

Answer 47

sudden onset, rapid progression, and more common in children

Question 48

chronic leukemia =

Answer 48

slower onset, slower progression, and more common in adults

Question 49

what are some symptoms of leukemia?

Answer 49

anemia, bleeding, frequent infections

Question 50

how are leukemias classified?

Answer 50

by affected cell type

Question 51

lymphoma =

Answer 51

group of cancers that affect lymphocytes solid tumors are formed

Question 52

where does lymphoma typically start?

Answer 52

lymph nodes or spleen

Question 53

what are the 2 major catagories of lymphoma?

Answer 53

hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma

Question 54

what type of lymphoma develope from abnormal B lymphocyte lineage?

Answer 54

hodgkin lymphoma

Question 55

what type of lymphoma may derive from either abnormal B or T ceells?

Answer 55

non-hodgkin lymphoma

Question 56

how many subtypes of hodgkin lymphoma are there? how many subtypes of non-hodgkin lymphoma are there?

Answer 56

hodgkins = 5 subtypes non-hodgkins = about 30 subtypes