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Med Term Daemen > Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Cardiology/cardiologist

A

the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders of the heart; the specialist in this field

cardi/o = heart
-logy = study of

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2
Q

Bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat with ventricular contractions less than 60 bpm

brady- = slow
-cardia = heart condition

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3
Q

Bruit

A

Abnormal sound heard when an artery is auscultated

Usually a blowing or swishing sound, higher pitched than a murmur

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4
Q

Cardiodynia

A

Heart pain that may be described as atypical or ischemic

cardi/o = heart
-dynia = pain

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5
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

enlargement of the heart

cardi/o = heart
-megaly = enlargement

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6
Q

Claudication

A

Cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation in the leg muscles

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7
Q

Cyanosis

A

A bluish or grayish discoloration of skin, nail beds, and/or lips caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood

cyan/o = blue
-osis = abnormal condition

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8
Q

Diaphoresis

A

profuse secretion of sweat

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9
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues

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10
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficult and/or painful breathing

dys- = difficult
-pnea = breathing

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11
Q

Emesis

A

Forcible or involuntary emptying of the stomach through the mouth

emesis = to vomit

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12
Q

Ischemia

A

lack of blood in a body part due to a blockage or functional constriction

isch/o = to hold back
-emia = blood condition

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13
Q

Murmur

A

Abnormal heart sound heard during systole, diastole, or both, which may be described as a gentle blowing, fluttering, or humming sound

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14
Q

Nausea

A

Sensation that accompanies the urge to vomit but does not always lead to vomiting

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15
Q

Orthopnea

A

Condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe comfortably

orth/o = straight, upright
-pnea = breathing

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16
Q

Pallor

A

Paleness of skin and/or mucous membranes. On darker-pigmented skin, it may be noted on the inner surfaces of the lower eyelids or the nail beds

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17
Q

Palpitations

A

Pounding or racing of the heart, such that the patient is aware of his/her heartbeat

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18
Q

Pulmonary Congestion

A

Excessive amount of blood in the pulmonary vessels. Usually associated with heart failure (HF)

pulmon/o = lung
-ary = pertaining to

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19
Q

shortness of breath (SOB)

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A

breathlessness, air hunger

20
Q

Syncope

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A

fainting, loss of consciousness

21
Q

Tachycardia

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A

Rapid heartbeat, more than 100bpm

tachy- = rapid
-cardia = heart condition

22
Q

Thrill

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A

fine vibration felt by the examiner on palpation

23
Q

Venous Distention

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A

enlarged or swollen veins

ven/o = vein
-ous = pertaining to

24
Q

Arrhythmia

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A

Abnormal variation from the normal heartbeat rhythm

a- = without
rhythm/o = rhythm
-ia = condition

25
Flutter
Extremely rapid but regular heartbeat (250 to 350 bpm). Atrial flutter is a rapid, regular atrial rhythm
26
Fibrillation
Extremely rapid and irregular contractions (300 to 600 bpm) occurring with or without an underlying cardiovascular disorder, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia Rapid, irregular ventricular contractions; may be fatal unless reversed
27
Cardiac Tamponade
Compression of the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial sac
28
Cardomyopathy
Progressive disorder of the ventricles of the heart cardiomy/o = myocardium -pathy = disease
29
Endocarditis
inflammation of the endocardium and heart valves lesions caused by a number of different microbes endocardi/o = endocardium -itis = inflammation
30
Heart failure (HF)
Inability of the heart muscle to pump blood efficiently so that it becomes overloaded The heart enlarges with unpumped blood, and the lungs fill with fluid Previously referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF)
31
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart with the possibility of pericardial effusion (the escape of blood into the pericardium) pericardi/o = pericardium -itis = inflammation
32
Aneurysm
Localized dilation of an artery caused by a congenital or acquired weakness in the wall of the vessel. The acquired causes may be arteriosclerosis, trauma, infection, and/or inflammation
33
Arteriosclerosis
Disease in which the arterial walls become thickened and lose their elasticity, without the presence of atheromas arteri/o = artery -sclerosis = abnormal condition of hardening
34
Atherosclerosis
Form of arteriosclerosis in which medium and large arteries have atheromas, which can reduce or obstruct blood flow. Patients with peripheral atherosclerosis complain of intermittent claudication Ather/o = fat, plaque -sclerosis = abnormal condition of hardening
35
Esophageal Varices
Varicose veins that appear at the lower end of the esophagus as a result of portal hypertension they are superficial and may cause ulceration and bleeding esophag/o = esophagus -eal = pertaining to varic/o = dilated vein
36
Hemorrhoid
Varicose condition of the external or internal rectal veins that causes painful swellings at the anus
37
Hypertension (HTN)
Condition of high or elevated BP hyper- = excessive tens/o = stretching -ion = process of
38
Hypotension
condition of below-norrmal BP Orthostatic hypotension = when a patient experiences an episode of low BP when standing hypo- = below, deficient tens/o = stretching -ion = process of
39
Peripheral arterial occlusion
Blockage of blood flow to the extremities. Acute or chronic conditions may be present, but patients with both types of conditions are likely to have underlying atherosclerosis. Occlusion means blockage arteri/o = artery -al = pertaining to occulus/o = blockage -ion = process of
40
peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
Any vascular disorder limited to the extremities; may affect not only the arteries and veins but also the lymphatics vascul/o = vessel -ar = pertaining to
41
Raynaud disease
Idiopathic disease—that is, of unknown cause—of the peripheral vascular system that causes intermittent cyanosis/erythema of the distal ends of the fingers and toes, sometimes accompanied by numbness; occurs almost exclusively in young women. Presentation is bilateral
42
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of either deep veins (deep vein thrombosis, or DVT) or superficial veins (superficial vein thrombosis, or SVT) with the formation of one or more blood clots thromb/o = clotting, clot phleb/o = vein -itis = inflammation
43
Varicose Veins
Elongated, dilated superficial veins (varices) with incompetent valves that permit reverse blood flow. These veins may appear in various parts of the anatomy, but the term varicose vein(s) has been reserved for those in the lower extremities varic/o = varices -ose = pertaining to
44
Vasculitis
inflammation of the blood vessels vascul/o = vessel -itis = inflammation
45
Echocardiography (ECHO)
Use of ultrasonic waves directed through the heart to study the structure and motion of the heart Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) images the heart through a transducer introduced into the esophagus echo- = sound cardi/o = heart -graphy = process of recording
46
Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)
Recording of electrical impulses of the heart as wave deflections of a needle on an instrument called an electrocardiograph The record, or recording, is called an electrocardiogram electr/o = electricity cardi/o = heart -graphy = process of recording

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