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Med Term Daemen > Chapter 6 Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Urinary System Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Urology/Urologist

A

medical specialty/specialist in the study of urinary disorders in both sexes

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2
Q

Abscess, urinary

A

cavity containing pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue in the urinary system

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3
Q

Albuminuria

A

albumin (protein) in the urine

Aka teinuria

albumin/o = protein
-uria = urinary condition

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4
Q

Azotemia

A

Condition of excessive urea in the blood indicating nonfunctioning kidneys

Aka uremia

azot/o = nitrogen
-emia = blood condition

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5
Q

Azoturia

A

Excessive nitrogenous compounds, including urea, in the urine

azot/t = nitrogen
-uria = urinary condition

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6
Q

Bacteriuria

A

bacteria in the urine

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7
Q

Edema

A

Accumulation of fluid in the tissues; can result from kidney failure

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8
Q

Glycosuria

A

sugar in the urine

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9
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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10
Q

Hypertension

A

condition of high blood pressure

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11
Q

Pyuria

A

pus in the urine

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12
Q

Anuria

A

condition of no urine

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13
Q

Disuresis

A

Condition of increased formation and excretion of urine, of large volumes of urine

Caffeine and alcohol are diuretics

di- = through, complete
ur/o = urine
-esis = state of

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14
Q

Dysuria

A

condition of painful urination

dys- = painful abnormal
-uria = urinary condition

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15
Q

Enuresis

A

“bed-wetting”

can be nocturnal or diurnal

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16
Q

Incontinence, urinary

A

inability to hold urine

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17
Q

Nocturia

A

condition of excessive urination at night

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18
Q

Oliguria

A

condition of few/scanty urination

olig/o = scanty/few

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19
Q

Polydipsia

A

condition of excessive thirst

poly- = excessive
-dipsia = condition of thirst

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20
Q

Polyuria

A

condition of excessive urination

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21
Q

Retention, urinary

A

inability to release urine

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22
Q

Urgency

A

intense sensation of the need to urinate immediately

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23
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

A

Deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which causes the patient to excrete large quantities of urine (polyuria) and exhibit excessive thirst (polydipsia)

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24
Q

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

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A

A group of metabolic disorders characterized by high glucose levels that result from inadequate amounts of insulin, resistance to insulin, or a combination of both

25
Nephrolithiasis
stone in the kidney nephr/o = kidney lith/o = stone -iasis = condition, presence of
26
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
inherited disorder characterized by an enlargement of the kidneys caused by many renal cysts bilaterally that reduce functioning of renal tissue
27
Renal Colic
severe pain associated with kidney stones lodged in the ureter colic = pain ren/o = kidney -al = pertaining to
28
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Infection anywhere in the urinary system, caused most commonly by bacteria, but also by parasites, yeast, and protozoa (sing. protozoon). Most frequently occurring disorder in the urinary system
29
Urolithiasis
Stones anywhere in the urinary tract, but usually in the renal pelvis or urinary bladder. Usually formed in patients with an excess of the mineral calcium Aka urinary calculi
30
Glomerulonephritis (GN)
Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney characterized by proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urine production, and edema glomerul/o = glomerulus nephr/o = kidney -itis = inflammation
31
Hydronephrosis
Dilation of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys resulting from obstruction of the flow of urine hydr/o = water nephr/o = kidney -osis = abnormal condition
32
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney; a general term that does not specify the location of the inflammation or its cause nephr/o = kidney -itis = inflammation
33
Nephropathy
Disease of the kidneys; a general term that does not specify a disorder nephr/o = kidney -pathy = disease process
34
Nephroptosis
prolapse or sagging of the kidneys nephr/o = kidney -ptosis = drooping, prolapse
35
Nephrosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries of the kidneys Aka renal sclerosis nephr/o = kidney -sclerosis = hardeining
36
Nephrotic syndrome
Abnormal group of symptoms in the kidney characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema; may occur in glomerular disease and as a complication of many systemic diseases (e.g., DM). Aka nephrosis
37
Pyelonephritis
infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma of the kidney, usually the result of lower UTI pyel/o = renal pelvis nephr/o = kidney -itis = inflammation
38
Renal failure
Inability of the kidneys to excrete waste, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes. May be acute or chronic ren/o = kidney -al = pertaining to
39
Acute renal failure (ARF)
Sudden inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, resulting from hemorrhage, trauma, burns, toxic injury to the kidney, pyelonephritis or GN, or lower urinary tract obstruction Characterized by oliguria and rapid azotemia
40
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
CKD is measured in stages of increasing severity, from 1 (mild damage with a normal glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) to 5 (complete kidney failure requiring either dialysis or a renal transplant). Stage 5 is also called end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
41
Renal hypertension
high blood pressure secondary to kidney disease ren/o = kidney -al = pertaining to hyper- = excessive tens/o = stretching -ion = process of
42
Cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder Trigonitis = inflammation of the trigone of the bladder cyst/o = sac, bladder -itis = inflammation
43
Cystocele
herniation of the urinary bladder cyst/o = sac, bladder -cele = herniation
44
Ureterocele
prolapse of the terminal end of the ureter into the bladder ureter/o = urethra -cele = herniation
45
Urethral Stenosis
narrowing of the urethra Aka urethral stricture urethr/o = urethra -al = pertaining to -stenosis = narrowing
46
Urethritis
inflammation of the urethra urethr/o = urethra -itis = inflammation
47
Vesicoureteral Reflux
Abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder to the ureter. May be the result of an obstruction, an infection, or a congenital defect vesic/o = urinary bladder ureter/o = ureter -al = pertaining to re- = back -flux = flow
48
Ileal Conduit
Channel, pipe, or tube that guides urine from the ureters to the ileum in the digestive system to be excreted through the large intestine when the bladder is no longer available for storing the urine and releases it through the urethra Aka ureteroileostomy ile/o = ileum -al = pertaining to
49
Lithotripsy
Process of crushing stones either to prevent or clear an obstruction in the urinary system; crushing may be done manually, by high-energy shock waves, or by pulsed dye laser In each case, the fragments may be expelled naturally or washed out (see Focus On Kidney Stones box) Use of shock waves is termed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) Lith/o = stone -tripsy = process of crushing
50
Metatotomy
An incision of the urinary meatus meat/o = meatus, opening -tomy = incision
51
Nephrectomy
resection of the kidney nephr/o = kidney -ectomy = removal
52
Nephrolithotomy
incision of the kidney for removal of a kidney stone nephr/o = kidney -lithotomy = removal of a stone
53
Nephropexy
suspension or fixation of the kidney nephr/o = kidney -pexy = suspesion
54
Nephrostolithotomy
removal of a stone from the kidney through a pre-existing nephrostomy nephr/o = kidney stom/o = opening -lithotomy = removal of a stone
55
Nephrostomy
opening made in the kidney so that a catheter can be inserted nephr/o = kidney -stomy = new opening
56
Nephrotomy
incision of the kidney nephr/o = kidney -tomy = incision
57
Transurethral Procedure
any procedure conducted through the urethra trans- = through urethr/o = urethra -al = pertaining to
58
Urethrolysis
destruction of adhesions of the urethra urethr/o = urethra -lysis = separation, breakdown
59
Vesicotomy
incision of the urinary bladder vesi/o = bladder -tomy = incision

Med Term Daemen (16 decks)

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