Chapter 9 Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune System Flashcards
(26 cards)
Hematology/Hematologist
the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of blood and blood forming organs; the specialist in this field
hemat/o = blood
Immunology/Immunologist
the study of the body’s response to foreign substances; the specialist in this field
Serology
the branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antigen-antibody reactions invitro
Hemophilia
Group of inherited bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for the coagulation of blood. Excessive bleeding and hemarthrosis (blood in a joint) can result from even a minor injury
hem/o = blood
-philia = attraction condition
Polycythemia Vera
number of RBCs and the concentration of hemoglobin
“Vera” signifies that this is not a sequela of another condition
poly- = many
cyt/o = cell
-emia = blood condition
vera = true
Purpura
Bleeding disorder characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues
purpur/o = purple
Thrombocytopenia
Deficiency of platelets that causes an inability of the blood to clot. The most common cause of bleeding disorders
thromb/o = clot, clotting
cyt/o = cell
-penia = deficiency
Leukocytosis
Abnormal increase in WBCs
Abnormal increases in each type of granulocyte are termed eosinophilia, basophilia, or neutrophilia, where the suffix -philia denotes a slight increase
Abnormal increases in the number of each type of agranulocyte are termed lymphocytosis or monocytosis
leuk/o = white blood cell
-cytosis = abnormal increase in cells
Leukopenia
Abnormal decrease in WBCs
Specific deficiencies are termed neutropenia, eosinopenia, monocytopenia, and lymphocytopenia
Aka leukocytopenia
leuk/o = white blood cell
-penia = deficiency
Neutropenia
abnormal decrease in neutrophils due to disease process
neutr/o = neutral
-penia = deficiency
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of tissues
Hypersplenism
Increased function of the spleen, resulting in hemolysis
hyper- =. excessive
splen/o = spleen
-ism = condition
Lymphadenitis
inflammation of a lymph node
lymphaden/o = lymph gland
-itis = inflammation
Lymphadenopathy
Disease of the lymph nodes or vessels that may be localized or generalized
Lymphaden/o = lymph gland
-pathy = disease process
Lymphangitis
inflammation of lymph vessels
lymphangi/o = lymph vessels
-itis = inflammation
Lymphedema
Accumulation of lymphatic fluid and resultant swelling caused by obstruction, removal, or hypoplasia of lymph vessels
lymph/o = lymph
-edema = swelling
Lymphocytopenia
Deficiency of lymphocytes caused by infectious mononucleosis, malignancy, nutritional deficiency, or a hematologic disorder
Lymphocyt/o = lymphocyte
-penia = deficiency
Lymphocytosis
abnormal increase in lymphocytes
lymph/o = lymph
-cytosis = abnormal increase of cells
Mononucleosis
increase in the number of mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) in the blood caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
can result in splenomegaly
mono- = one
nucle/o = nucleus
-osis = abnormal condition
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and transmitted through body fluids via sexual contact or intravenous exposure
HIV attacks the helper T cells, which diminishes the immune response
Allergy
Immune system’s overreaction to irritants that are perceived as antigens
The substance that causes the irritation is called an allergen
Also called hypersensitivity
Autoimmune Disease
Condition in which a person’s T cells attack his/her own cells, causing extensive tissue damage and organ dysfunction
Examples of resultant autoimmune diseases include myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis
Adenoidectomy
removal of the adenoids
Aka the pharyngeal tonsils
adenoid/o = adenoid
-ectomy = removal
Biopsy (bx) of lymphatic structures
Removal of the lymph nodes or lymphoid tissue as a means to diagnosis and treatment
bi/o = life
-opsy = process of viewing
lymphat/o = lymph
-ic = pertaining to
