Chapter 11 Respiratory System Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
Pulmonology/Pulonologist
A
The diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders of the respiratory tract; specialist in this field
2
Q
Aphonia
A
Loss of ability to produce sounds
Dysphonia is difficulty making sounds
a- = without
phon/o = sound
-ia = condition
3
Q
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
A
Deep, rapid breathing followed by a period of apnea
4
Q
Clubbing
A
Abnormal enlargement of the distal phalanges as a result of diminished O2 in the blood
5
Q
Cyanosis
A
Lack of O2 in blood seen as bluish or grayish discoloration of the skin, nail beds, and/or lips
cyan/o = blue
-osis = abnormal conditionq
6
Q
Dyspnea
A
Difficult and/or painful breathing
Eupnea is good, normal breathing
dys- = difficult
-pnea = breathing
7
Q
Bradypnea
A
abnormally slow breathing
brady- = slow
-pnea = breathing
8
Q
Hyperpnea
A
excessively deep breathing
hyper- = excessive
-pnea = breathing
9
Q
Hypopnea
A
extremely shallow breathing
hypo- = deficient
-pnea = breathing
10
Q
Orthopnea
A
condition of difficult breathing unless in an upright position
orth/o = straight
-pnea = breathing
11
Q
Apnea
A
cessation of breathing
a- = without
-pnea = breathing
12
Q
Tachypnea
A
rapid, shallow breathing
tachy- = fast
-pnea = breathing
13
Q
Epistaxis
A
nosebleed
Aka Rhinorrhagia
14
Q
Hemoptysis
A
coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum
hem/o = blood
-ptysis = spitting
15
Q
hypercapnia
A
condition of excessive CO2 in the blood
hyper- = excessive
capn/o = carbon dioxide
-ia = condition
16
Q
Hyperventilation
A
abnormally increased breathing
hyper- = excessive
17
Q
Hypooxemia
A
Condition of deficient O2 in the blood
Hypoxia is the condition of deficient O2 in the tissues
hypo- = deficient
ox/o = oxygen
-emia = blood condition
18
Q
Pleurodynia
A
Pain in the chest caused by inflammation of the intercostal muscles
pleur/o = pleura
-dynia = pain
19
Q
Pyrexia
A
fever
pyr/o = fire
-exia = condition
20
Q
Rhinorrhea
A
discharge from the nose
rhin/o = nose
-rrhea = discharge
21
Q
shortness of breath (SOB)
A
breathlessness, air hunger
22
Q
Sputum
A
Mucus coughed up from the lungs and expectorated through the mouth
If abnormal, it may be described as to its amount, color, or odor
23
Q
Thoracodynia
A
chest pain
thorac/o = chest
-dynia = pain
24
Q
Friction sounds
A
Sounds made by dry surfaces rubbing together
25
Hiccup
Sound produced by the involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, followed by rapid closure of the glottis.
Also called hiccough, or singultus
26
Rales
Aka crackles
abnormal lung sound heard on auscultation, chracterized by discontinuous bubbling noises
27
Rhonchi
Abnormal rumbling sound heard on auscultation, caused by airways blocked by secretions or muscle contractions
28
Stridor
High-pitched inspiratory sounds from the larynx; a sign of upper airway obstruction
29
30
wheezing
Whistling sound made during breathing
31
Coryza
The common cold. The common cold is caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses
COVID-19 is
a specific type of coronavirus that is associated with more severe breathing difficulties and possible progression to pneumonia
32
Croup
Acute viral infection of early childhood, marked by stridor caused by spasms of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
33
Deviated Septum
Deflection of the nasal septum that may obstruct the nasal passages, resulting in infection, sinusitis, SOB, headache, or recurring epistaxis
sept/o = wall, septum
-um = structure
34
Epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
epiglott/o = epiglottis
-itis = inflammation
35
Laryngitis
inflammation of the voice box
laryng/o = voice box
-itis = inflammation
36
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
A temporary lack of breathing that occurs during sleep when the posterior pharynx relaxes and covers the trachea
a- = without
-pnea = breathing
37
Pharyngitis
Inflammation or infection of the pharynx, usually causing symptoms of a sore throat
pharyng/o = throat (pharynx)
-itis = inflammation
38
Polyp, nasal and vocal cord
Small, tumorlike growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface, including the inside of the nose, the paranasal sinuses, and the vocal cords
39
Rhinitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose
rhin/o = nose
-itis = inflammation
40
Rhinomycosis
abnormal condition of fungus in the nose
rhin/o = nose
myc/o = fungus
-osis = abnormal condition
41
Rhinosalpingitis
Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and eustachian tubes
rhin/o = nose
salping/o = eustachian tube
-itis = inflammation
42
Sinusitis
inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses
sinus/o = sinus
-itis = inflammation
43
Tracheomalacia
softening of the tissues of the trachea
trachea/o = windpipe (trachea)
-malacia = softening
44
Tracheostenosis
narrowing of the windpipe
trache/o = windpipe (trachea)
-stenosis = narrowing
45
Upper respiratory infection (URI)
Inflammation and/or infection of structures of the upper respiratory tract
46
Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF)
A sudden inability of the respiratory system to provide O2 and/or remove CO2 from the blood
47
Asthma
Respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of paroxysmal (sudden, episodic) dyspnea.
Patients exhibit coughing, wheezing, and SOB. If the attack becomes continuous (termed status asthmaticus), it may be fatal
48
Atelectasis
Collapse of lung tissue or an entire lung
a- = not
tel/o = complete
-ectasis = dilation
49
Bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of the bronchi. Symptoms include dyspnea, expectoration of foul-smelling sputum, and coughing
bronchi/o = bronchus
-ectasis = dilation
50
Bronchiolitis
Viral inflammation of the bronchioles; more common in children younger than 18 months
bronchiol/o = bronchiole
-itis = inflammation
51
Bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
may be acute or chronic
bronchi/o = bronchus
-itis = inflammation
52
Bronchospasm
A sudden involuntary contraction of the bronchi, as in an asthma attack
bronch/o = bronchus
-spasm = sudden, involuntary contaction
53
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Respiratory disorder characterized by a progressive and irreversible diminishment in inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs
Patient experiences dyspnea on exertion (DOE), difficulty inhaling or exhaling, and a chronic cough
pulmon/o = lung
-ary = pertaining to
54
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in abnormal, thick secretions of mucus that cause COPD
55
Diphtheria
Bacterial respiratory infection characterized by a sore throat, fever, and headache
56
Emphysema
Abnormal condition of the pulmonary system characterized by distention and destructive changes of the alveoli
The most common cause is tobacco smoking, but exposure to environmental particulate matter may also cause the disease
57
Flail Chest
A condition in which multiple rib fractures cause instability in part of the chest wall and in which the lung under the injured area contracts on inspiration and bulges out on expiration
58
Hemothorax
blood in the pleural cavity
hem/o = blood
-thorax = chest (pleural cavity)
59
Influenza
Also known as the flu. Acute infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by a virus
Avian (bird) flu is caused by type A influenza virus
Swine flu is caused by H1N1 virus
60
Pertussis
Bacterial infection of the respiratory tract with a characteristic high-pitched “whoop.”
Also called whooping cough
61
Pleural Effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural space
Pleur/o = pleura
-al = pertaining to
62
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the parietal pleura of the lungs
May be caused by cancer, pneumonia, or tuberculosis (TB)
pleur/o = pleura
63
Peumoconiosis
Loss of lung capacity caused by an accumulation of dust in the lungs
Types may include asbestosis (abnormal condition of asbestos in the lungs), silicosis (sil ih KOH sis) (abnormal accumulation of glass dust in the lungs), and anthracosis (abnormal accumulation of coal dust in the lungs—also known as black lung disease or coal workers’ pneumoconiosis [CWP])
pneum/o = lung
coni/o = dust
-osis = abnormal condition
64
65
Pneumothorax
Air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse
pneum/o = air
-thorax = chest (pleural cavity)
66
Pulmonary Abscess
Localized accumulation of pus in the lung
pulmon/o = lung
-ary = pertaining to
67
Pulmonary Edema
Accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue. Often present in congestive heart failure (CHF), it is caused by the inability of the heart to pump blood
pulmon/o = lung
-ary = pertaining to
68
Pyothorax
Pus in the pleural cavity
Aka empyema
py/o = pus
-thorax = chest (pleural cavity)
69
70
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Viral respiratory disorder caused by a coronavirus
Usually results in pneumonia
syn- = together, with
-drome = to run
71
Tuberculosis (TB)
Chronic infectious disorder caused by an acid-fast bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Transmission is normally by inhalation or ingestion of infected droplets
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is fatal in 80% of cases
72
Bronchoscopy
Endoscopic procedure used to examine the bronchial tubes visually
bronch/o = bronchus
-scopy = process of viewing
73
Laryngoscopy
Endoscopic procedure used to visualize the interior of the larynx
laryng/o = larynx, voice box
-scopy = process of viewing
74
Spirometry
Test to measure the air capacity of the lungs with a spirometer
spir/o = breathing
-metry = process of measurement
75
Thoracoscopy
visual exam of the chest cavity
thorac/o = chest
-scopy = process of viewing
76
Adenoidectomy
Excision of the pharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids
adenoid/o = adenoid
-ectomy = removal, excision
77
Bronchoplasty
surgical repair of a bronchial defect
bronch/o = bronchus
-plasty = surgical repair
78
Endotracheal Intubation
Passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to ensure a patent (open) airway
endo- = within
trache/o = windpipe (trachea)
-al = pertaining to
79
Laryngectomy
excision of the voice box
laryng/o = voice box (larynx)
-ectomy = removal, excision
80
Pulmonary Resection
Excision of a portion or a lobe of the lung or the entire lung
Called lobectomy when an entire lobe is excised and a pneumonectomy when the entire lung is excised
81
Rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose for healthcare or cosmetic reasons
rhin/o = nose
-plasty = surgical repair
82
Septoplasty
Surgical repair of the wall between the nares
sept/o = wall, septum
-plasty = surgical repair
83
Sinusotomy
incision of a sinus
sinus/o = sinus
-tomy = incision
84
Thoracocentesis
aspiration of a fluid from the pleural cavity
Aka pleurocentesis or thoracentesis
thorac/o = chest
-centesis = surgical puncture
85
Thoracotomy
incision of the chest as a means of approach for surgery
thorac/o = chest
-tomy = incision
86
Tonsillectomy
excision of the palatine tonsils
tonsill/o = tonsil
-ectomy = removal, excision
87
Tracheostomy
opening through the neck into the trachea, through which an indwelling tube may be inserted temporarily or permanently
trache/o = trachea (windpipe)
-stomy = new opening
88
Tracheotomy
incision made into the trachea below the larynx to gain access to the airway; usually performed as an emergency procedure
trache/o = trachea (windpipe)
-tomy = incision
