Chapter 14 Endocrine Flashcards
(29 cards)
Endocrinology/Endocrinologist
the study of the glands that secrete hormones within the body; a medical doctor who diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of the endocrine system
Anorexia
Lack of appetite
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder
an- = without
orex/o = appetite
-ia = condition
Exophthalmia
protrusion of eyeballs from their orbit
ex- = out
ophthalm/o = eye
-ia = condition
Glucosuria
Presence of glucose in the urine
May indicate diabetes mellitus (DM)
glucos/o = sugar, glucose
-uria = urinary condition
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland, not due to a tumor
Hirsutism
Abnormal hairiness, especially in women
Aka hypertrichosis
Hypocalcemia
Condition of deficient calcium (Ca) in the blood
The opposite is hypercalcemia—excessive calcium in the blood
hypo- = deficient
calc/o = calcium
-emia = blood condition
Hypoglycemia
Condition of deficient sugar in the blood
The opposite is hyperglycemia—excessive sugar in the blood
hypo- = deficient
glyc/o = sugar, glucose
-emia = blood condition
Hypokalemia
Condition of deficient potassium (K) in the blood
The opposite is hyperkalemia—excessive potassium in the blood
hypo- = deficient
kal/i = potassium
-emia = blood condition
Hyponatremia
Condition of deficient sodium (Na) in the blood
The opposite is hypernatremia—excessive sodium in the blood
hypo- = deficient
natr/o = sodium
-emia = blood condition
Ketoacidosis
Excessive number of ketone acids in the bloodstream
ket/o = ketone
acid/o = acid
-osis = abnormal condition
Ketonuria
Presence of ketones in urine
keton/o = ketone
-uria = urinary condition
Paresthesia
abnormal sensation, such as prickling
par- = abnormal
esthesi/o = feeling
-ia = condition
Polydipsia
condition of excessive thirst
poly- = excessive
-dipsia = condition of thirst
Polyphagia
Condition of excessive appetite
poly- = excessive
phag/o = to eat, swallow
-ia = condition
Polyuria
Condition of excessive urination
poly- = excessive
ur/o = urine
-ia = condition
Tetany
continuous muscle spasms
Acromegaly
Hypersecretion of somatotropin from the adenohypophysis during adulthood; leads to an enlargement of the extremities (hands and feet), jaw, nose, and forehead
Usually caused by an adenoma of the pituitary gland
acro- = extremities
-megaly = enlargement
Gigantism
Hypersecretion of somatotropin from adenohypophysis during childhood, leading to excessive growth
Hyperthyroidism
Excessive thyroid hormone production
Aka thyrotoxicosis, the most common form of which is Graves disease, which may be accompanied by exophthalmia
Ketonuria is a diagnostic sign
hyper- = excessive
thyroid/o = thyroid gland
-ism = condition
Hypothyroidism
Deficient thyroid hormone production
If it occurs during childhood, it causes a condition called cretinism, which results in stunted mental and physical growth
The extreme adult form is called myxedema, which is characterized by facial and orbital edema
hypo- = deficient
thyroid/o = thyroid gland
-ism = condition
Hyperparathyroidism
Overproduction of PTH
symptoms include polyuria, hypercalcemia, hypertension, and kidney stones
hyper- = excessive
parathyroid/o = parathyroid gland
-ism = condition
Hypoparathyroidism
Deficient PTH production results in tetany, hypocalcemia, irritability, and muscle cramps
hypo- = deficient
parathyroid/o = parathyroid gland
-ism = condition
Adrenalectomy
Bilateral removal of the adrenal glands to reduce excess hormone secretion
adrenal/o = adrenal gland
-ectomy = excision
