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Med Term Daemen > Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Orthopedist/orthopod

A

Specialty that deals with the majority of musculoskeletal disorders

Orth/o = straight
Ped/o = child
-ist = one who specializes in

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2
Q

Rheumatology/rheumatologist

A

Specialty that deals with disorders of connective tissue, including bone and cartilage

Rheumat/o = watery flow
-logy = study of
-logist = one who specializes in the study of

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3
Q

Physiatry/ physiatrist

A

Aka physical medicine, concerns diagnosis and treatment of disease or injury with the use of physical agents like exercise, heat, massage, light

Physi/o = nature
-iatry = process or treatment

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4
Q

Osteodynia

A

Bone pain

Oste/o = bone
-dynia = pain

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5
Q

Osteitis deformans

A

Misshaped bone resulting from excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue. Aka Paget Disease

Oste/o = bone
-itis = inflammation
Deformans = misshapen

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6
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of bone caused by loss of minerals from bony matrix as a result of vitamin D deficiency. When osteomalacia occurs in childhood, it is called Rickets

Oste/o = bone
-malacia = softening

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7
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation and/or infection of the bone or bone marrow

Oste/o =bone
Myel/o = bone marrow
-itis = inflammation

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8
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone mass, which results in the bones being fragile and at risk for fractures

Oste/o = bone
Por/o = passage
-osis = abnormal condition

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9
Q

Osteopenia

A

Refers to a less severe bone mass loss

Oste/o = bone
-penia = deficiency

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10
Q

Arthrosis

A

Abnormal condition of the joint (hemarthrosis: blood in joint cavity, hydrarthrosis: fluids in joint cavity, or pyarthrosis: pus in joint cavity)

Arthr/o = joint
-osis = abnormal condition

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11
Q

Baker cyst

A

Cyst of the synovial fluid in the popiteal area of leg, often associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Aka popliteal cyst

Cyst/o = sac, bladder

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12
Q

Bunion

A

Fairly common, painful enlargement and inflammation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (base of great toe)

Bunion/o = bunion

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13
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa

Burs/o = bursa
-itis = inflammation

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14
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

A

Compression injury that manifests itself as fluctuating pain, numbness, and parenthesias of the hand caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist.

Carp/o = wristbone
-al = pertaining to
Syn- = joined together
-drome = to run

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15
Q

Crepitus

A

Crackling sound heard in joints

Crepit/o = crackling
-us = thing

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16
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A

Joint disease characterized by degenerative articular cartilage and a wearing down of the bones’ edges at a joint; considered a “wear and tear” disorder

Aka degenerative joint disease (DJD)

oste/o = bone
arthr/o = joint
-itis = inflammation

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17
Q

Osteophytosis

A

Abnormal bone growth in a joint

Heberden nodes are osteophytes of the interphalangeal joints in RA

Oste/o = bone
Phyt/o = growth/nature
-osis = abnormal condition

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18
Q

Polyarthralgia

A

Condition in which there is pain in several joints simultaneously.

Poly- = many
Arthr/o = joint
-algia = pain

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19
Q

Rheumatoid Arthristis (RA)

A

Inflammatory joint disease believed to be autoimmune in nature; occurs in a much younger population (ages 20 to 45) than OA

Rheumat/o = watery flow
-oid = full of, like
Arthr/o = joint
-itis = inflammation

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20
Q

Scleroderma

A

Connective tissue disorder that causes hardening and thickening of the skin

Scler/o = hard
Derm/o = skin

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21
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

Chronic, systemic inflammation of unknown etiology (cause)

Characterized by arthritis and a distinctive red, butterfly-like rash on nose and cheeks

Aka disseminated lupus erythematosus (DLE)

System/o = system
-ic = pertaining to
erythemat/o = red
-osus = noun ending

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22
Q

temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)

A

Dysfunctional temporomandibular joint, accompanied by gnathalgia, or jaw pain

tempor/o = temporal bone
mandibul/o = lower jaw
-ar = pertaining to

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23
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon

Tendin/o = tendon
-itis = inflammation

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24
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

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A

Chronic inflammatory disease of idiopathic origin, which causes a fusion of the spine

Ankyl/o = stiffening
Spondyl/o = vertebra
-itis = inflammation

25
herniated intervertebral disk
Protrusion of the central part of the disk that lies between the vertebrae, resulting in compression of the nerve root and pain inter- = between vertebr/o = vertebra -al = pertaining to
26
kyphosis
Extreme posterior curvature of the thoracic area of the spine kyph/o = round back -osis = abnormal condition
27
lordosis
Swayback; exaggerated anterior curve of the lumbar vertebrae (lower back) Lord/o = swayback -osis = abnormal condition
28
Scoliosis
Lateral S curve of the spine that can cause an individual to lose inches in height Scoli/o = curvature -osis = abnormal condition
29
Spinal stenosis
Abnormal condition of narrowing of the spinal canal with attendant pain, sometimes caused by OA or spondylolisthesis spin/o = spine -al = pertaining to stenosis = abnormal condition of narrowing
30
spondylolisthesis
Condition resulting from the partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it spondyl/o = vertebra -listhesis = slipping
31
spondylosis
An abnormal condition characterized by stiffening of the vertebral joints. Spondyl/o = vertebra -osis = abnormal condition
32
Chondroma
Benign tumor of the cartilage, usually occurring in children and adolescents Chondr/o = cartilage -oma = tumor, mass
33
Exostosis
Abnormal condition of bony growth Aka hyperostosis and osteochondroma Ex- = out Oste/o = bone -osis = abnormal condition
34
Osteoma
Benign bone tumor, usually of compact bone Oste/o = bone -oma = tumor, mass
35
rhabdomyoma
Benign tumor of striated/voluntary/skeletal muscle rhabdomy/o = skeletal muscle -oma = tumor, mass
36
chondrosarcoma
Malignant tumor of the cartilage. Occurs most frequently in adults Chondr/o = cartilage -sarcoma = connective tissue cancer
37
leiomyosarcoma
Malignant tumor of smooth muscle. Most commonly appearing in the uterus. leiomy/o = smooth muscle -sarcoma = connective tissue cancer
38
osteosarcoma
Malignant tumor of bone Aka Ewing sarcoma Most common children’s bone cancer Oste/o = bone -sarcoma = connective tissue cancer
39
rhabdomyosarcoma
Highly malignant tumor of skeletal muscle Aka rhabdosarcoma or rhabdomyoblastoma rhabdomy/o = skeletal muscle -sarcoma = connective tissue cancer
40
Amputation
Removal of a limb when there are no feasible options to save it
41
arthrocentesis
Surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid
42
arthrodesis
Binding or stabilization of a joint by operative means Arthr/o = joint -desis = binding
43
arthroplasty
General term meaning surgical repair of a joint Arthr/o = joint -plasty = surgical repair
44
bunionectomy
Removal of a bunion bunion/o = bunion -ectomy = excision, resection
45
bunionectomy
Removal of a bunion bunion/o = bunion -ectomy = excision, resection
46
Kyphoplasty
Minimally invasive procedure designed to address the pain of fractured vertebrae resulting from osteoporosis or cancer A balloon is used to inflate the area of fracture before a cement-like substance is injected. The substance hardens rapidly, and pain relief is immediate in most patients. Kyph/o = round back -plasty = surgical repair
47
laminectomy
Removal of the bony arches of one or more vertebrae to relieve compression of the spinal cord Lamin/o = lamina -ectomy = excision, resection
48
meniscectomy
Removal of a meniscus, such as in the knee Menisc/o = meniscus -ectomy = removal
49
myorrhaphy
Suture of a muscle My/o = muscle -rrhaphy = suture
50
operative ankylosis
Procedure used in the treatment of spinal fractures or after diskectomy or laminectomy for the correction of a herniated vertebral disk; also used to describe surgical fixation of a joint Aka arthrodesis Ankyl/o = stiffening -osis = abnormal condition
51
osteoclasis
Refracture of a bone; usually done if a bone has a malunion oste/o = bone -clasis = intentional breaking
52
osteoplasty
Surgical repair of a bone Oste/o = bone -plasty = surgical repair
53
prosthesis
An artificial body part that is constructed to replace missing limbs, eyes, and other body parts. prosth/o = addition -is = thing
54
spondylosyndesis
Fixation of an unstable segment of the spine by skeletal traction, immobilization of the patient in a body cast, or stabilization with a bone graft or synthetic device Aka spinal fusion and spondylodesis spondyl/o = vertebra syn- = together -desis = binding
55
tenomyoplasty
Surgical repair of a muscle and a tendon ten/o = tendon my/o = muscle -plasty = surgical repair
56
total hip replacement (THR)
Replacement of the femoral head and the acetabulum of the hip with either plastic or metal appliances
57
total knee replacement (TKR)
Extensive surgical procedure that involves the replacement of the entire knee joint, either unilaterally or bilaterally
58
Traction
The process of pulling a body part into correct alignment, as to correct a dislocation tract/o = pulling -ion = process of

Med Term Daemen (16 decks)

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