Chapter 10 Exam 4 Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
nerves that carry sensory nerve impulses from the body to the spinal cord or brain
A
afferent nerves
2
Q
division of the peripheral nervous system that carries nerve impulses to the heart; involuntary smooth muscles; and glands. Includes the parasympathatic division and the sympathetic division
A
autonomic nervous system
3
Q
division of the nervous system that includes the brain and the spinal cord
A
central nervous system
4
Q
nerves that carry motor nerve impulses from the spinal cord or brain to the body
A
efferent nerves
5
Q
body system that consists of the brain; spinal cord; cranial nerves; and spinal nerves. Includes the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous sytem and its divisions
A
nervous system
6
Q
division of the nervous system that includes the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves
A
peripheral nervous system
7
Q
involuntary muscle reaction that is controlled by the spinal cord
A
reflex
8
Q
division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the movements of voluntary skeletal muscles
A
somatic nervous system
9
Q
thin; middle layer of the meninges that contains a spider-weblike network of fibers that go into the subarachnoid space
A
arachnoid
10
Q
largest organ of the nervous system; part of the central nervous system and is located in the cranial cavity
A
brain
11
Q
clear fluid that is produced by the ependymal cells that line the ventricles in the brain and the canal within the spinal cord. Cushions and protects the brain and contains glucose and other nutrients
A
cerebrospinal fluid
12
Q
largest and most visible part of the brain. Surface contains gyri and sulci. Divided into 2 hemispheres
A
cerebrum
13
Q
rounded dome of bone at the top of the skull
A
cranium
14
Q
tough; outemost layer of the meninges
A
dura mater
15
Q
three separate membranes that envelp and protect the entire brain and spinal cord; includes the dura mater; arachnoid; and pia mater
A
meninges
16
Q
thin; delicate; innermoste layer of the meninges
A
pia mater
17
Q
space beneath the arachnoid layer of the meninges; filled with cerebrospinal fluid
A
subarachnoid space
18
Q
one of four hollow chambers in the brain that contains cerebrospinal fluid
A
ventricle
19
Q
hollow cavity within each vertebra
A
spinal cavity
20
Q
part of the central nervous system; begins with the medulla oblongata of the brain and extends down the back within the spinal cavity and ends at lumbar vertebra L2
A
spinal cord
21
Q
twelve pairs of nerves that originate in the brain and carry sensory nerve impulses to the brain and/or motor nerve impulses from the brain
A
cranial nerves
22
Q
thirty-one pairs of nerves; each pair joins the spinal cord in the area between 2 vertebrae
A
spinal nerves
23
Q
a bundle of individual neurons
A
nerve
24
Q
an indvidual nerve cell
A
neuron
25
partial or total loss of memory of receent or remotes experiences
amnesia
26
amnesia word breakdown
amnes/o- forgetfulness -ia condition; state; thing
27
rare congenital codition in which some or all of the cranium and cerebrum are missing
anencephaly
28
anencephaly word breakdown
an- without; not -encephaly condition of the brain
29
loss of the ability to communicate verbally or in writing due to head trauma; stroke; or alzheimer's disease
aphasia
30
aphasia word breakdown
a- away from; without phas/o- speech -ia condition; state; thing
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limited impairment that involves some difficulty speaking or understanding words
dysphasia
32
dysphasia word breakdown
dys- painful; difficult; abnormal phas/o- speech -ia condition; state; thing
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pain in the head
cephalagia
34
cephalagia word breakdown
cephal/o- head alg/o- pain -ia conditaion; state; thing
35
cephalagia AKA
headache
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caused by a lack of oxygen to parts of the fetus' brain during birth resulting in spastic muscels; lack of coordiation in walking eating and talking; muscle paralysis; seizure or mental retardation
cerebral palsy
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cerebral word breakdown
cerebr/o- cerebrum -al pertaining to
38
disruption or blockage of blood flow to the brain; which causes tissue deat and an area of necrosis known as an infarct
cerebrovascular accident
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cerebrovascular word breakdown
cerebr/o- cerebrum vascul/o- blood vessel -ar pertaining to
40
cerebriovascular accident AKA
stroke or brain attack
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temporary lack of oxygenated blood to an area of the brain; effects last only 24 hrs.
transient ischemic attack
42
ischemic word breakdown
isch/o- keep back; block -emic pertaining to a condition of the blood or a substance in the blood
43
muscle weakness on one side of the body
hemiparesis
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paresis
condition of weakness
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paralysis on one side of the body
hemiplegia
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hemiplegia word breakdown
hemi- one half pleg/o- paralysis -ia condition; state; thing
47
deep state of unconscuousness and unresponsiveness caused by trauma or disease in the brain; metabolic imbalance with accumlation of waste products in the blood; too little glucose in the blood
coma
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traumatic injury to the brain that resus in an immediated loss of consciousness for a brief or prologned period of time
concussion
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concussion word breakdown
concussion/o-violent shakin or garring -ion action; condition
50
traumatic injury to the brain or spinal cord
contusion
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contusion word breakdown
contus/o- brusing -ion action; condition
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disease of the brain in which many many neurons in cerebrum dies; the cerebral cortex shinks in size; and there is progressive deterioration in mental function
dementia
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dementia word breakdown
de-reversal of; without ment/o- mind; chin -ia condition; state; thing
54
demential associated with old age
senile-onset dementia
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senile word breakdown
sen/o- old age ile pertaining to
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hereditary dementia that is know to run in families with inherited mutatuons on chromosmes 1;14; 21
alzheimer's disease
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hereditary genetic defect in which there are three of chromosome 21 instead of the normal two causing mild-to-severe mental retardation and characteristic physical features of a large; protruding tongue; short fingers; and a single transveres crease on the palm of the hand
down syndrome
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difficulty reading and writing words even though visual acuity and intelligenve are normal
dyslexia
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dyslexia word breakdown
dys-painfl; difficult; abnormal lex/o- word -ic pertaining to
60
inflammation and infection of the brain caused by a virus
encephalitis
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encephalitis word breakdown
encephal/o- brain it is inflammation of; infection of
62
recurring condition in which a group of neurons in the brain spontaneously sends out electrical impulses in an abnormal; uncontrolled way
epilepsy
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Epilepsy aka
Seizure or convulsion
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visual; olfactory; sensory or auditory sign
aura
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prolonged; continuous seizure or repeated seizures that occur without the patient regaining consiousness
status epilepticus
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unconsciousness with excessive motor activity
tonic clonic (grand mal)
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tonic word breakdown
ton/o- pressure; tone -ic pertaining to
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clonic word breakdown
clon/o- rapid contracting and relazing -ic pertaining to
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impaired consciousness with slight or no muscle activity
absense (petit mal)
70
localaized collection of blood that forms in the brain because of traume to the cranium or the repture of an intracranial aneurysm or an AVM
hematoma
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hematoma word breakdown
hemat/o- blood -oma tumor; mass
72
hematoma formed under the dura mater
subdural hematoma
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subdural word breakdown
sub-below; underneaths dur/o- dura mater -al pertaining to
74
progressive inherited degenerative disease of the brain that begins in middle age characterized by dementia with spasms of the extremities and face; alternating with slow writhing movements of the hands and feet
huntington's chorea
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condition in which an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid is produced or the flow of cerebrospinal fluid is bloced; intracranial pressure increase; distends the ventricles; and compresses the brain tissue
hydrocephalus
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hydrocephalus word breakdown
hydr/o- water; fluid cephalus head
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inflammation and infection of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord caused by a bacteriyn or virus
meningitis
78
meningitis word breakdown
mening/o- meninges -it is inflammation of; infection of
79
specific type of recurring headache that has a sudden onset with severe; throbbing pain; often on just one side of the head; often accompanied by nausea and vomitting and sensitivity to light
migraine headace
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sensitivity to light
photophobia
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brief; involuntary episodes of falling asleep during the daytime while engaged in activity
narcolepsy
82
narcolepsy word breakdown
narc/o- stupor; sleep -lepsy seizure
83
chronic; degenerative disease due to an imbalance in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain
parkinson's disease
84
temporary loss of consciousness
syncope
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a protrusion of the meninges through the skin
meningocele
86
meningocele word breakdown
mening/o- meninges -cele hernia
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acute or chronic condition that occurs because of a tumor; arthritis; or a herniated nucleus pulposus
radiculopathy
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radiculopathy word breakdown
radicul/o- spinal nerve root pathy disease
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the contents of an intervertebral disk are forced out through a week area in the disk wall
herniated nucleus pulposus
90
herniated word breakdown
herni/o- hernia -ated pertainint to a condition; composed of
91
radiculopathy AKA
sciatica
92
trauma to the spinal cord with a partial or complete transection of the cord; interupts nerve impulses causing partial or complted anesthesia and paralysis
spinal cord injury
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an injury to the lower spnal cord; paralysis of the legs
paraplegia
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an ingury to the upper spinal cord; paralysis of all four extremities
quadriplegia
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chronic; progressive disease of the motor nerves coming from the spinal cord causing muscle wasting and spasms with eventual paralysis fo all the muscles; including th swallowing and respiratory muscles
amyotropic lateral sclerosis
96
amyotropic word breakdown
a-away from; withoug my/o- muscle troph/o- development -ic pertaining to
97
sclerosis word breakdown
scler/o- hard; sclera -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
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condition in which sensation of any type; including touch; pressure; proprioception; or pain; has been lost
anesthesia
99
anesthesia word breakdown
an- without esthes/o- sensation; feeling -ia condition; state; thing
100
weakness; droooing; or actual paralysis on one side of the face becauase of inflammation of the facial nerve; caused by a viral infection; possibly herpes virus
Bell's Palsy
101
chronic condition cause by repetitive motions of the hand and wrist; often from constant typing or data entry
carpal tunnel syndrome
102
carpal word breakdown
carp/o- wrist -al pertaining to
103
autoimmune disorder in which the body makes antiboides against myelin. There is acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves; loss of myelin with interruption of nerve conducation; muscle weakness; and changes in sensation
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
104
condition in which there is a hightened awareness and sensitivity to touch and increased response to painful stimuli
hypersthesia
105
hypersthesia word breakdown
hyper- above; more than normal esthes/o- sensation; feeling -ia condition; state; thing
106
chronic; progressive; degenerative autoimmune disorder in which the body makes antibodies against myelin
multiple sclerosis
107
pain along the path of a nerve and its brances that is cause by an injury
neuralgia
108
neuralgia word breakdown
neur/o- nerve alg/o- pain -ia condition; state; thing
109
inflammation or infection of a nerve
neuritis
110
neuritis word breakdown
neur/o- nerve -it is inflammation of; infection of
111
generalized inflammation of many nerves in one part of the body or all the nerves in the body
polyneuritis
112
polyneuritis word breakdown
poly-many; much neur/o-nerve it is inflammation of; infection of
113
hereditary disease with multiple benign fibrous tumors that grow on the peripheral neres
neurofibromatosis
114
neurofibromatosis word breakdowns
neur/o- nerve fibr/o- fiber -omatosis abnormal condition of tumors or masses
115
benign tumor of a nerve or any of the specialized cells of the nervous system
neuroma
116
neuroma word breakdown
neur/o- nerve -oma tumor; mass
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general category for any type of diseas or injury to a nere
neuropathy
118
neuropathy word breakdown
neur/o- nerve -pathy disease
119
conditaion in which abnormal sensations; such as tingling; burning; or pinpricks; are felt on the skin
paresthesia
120
paresthesia word breakdown
para- beside; apart from; two parts of a pair; abnormal esthes/o- sensation; feeling -ia condition; state; thing
121
test that examines the CSF for clariy and color; microscopically for cells; and chemically for proteins and other substances
cerebrospinal fluid examination
122
procedure to record the electrical activity of the brain; multiples electrodes are placed on the scalp overlying specific lobes of the brain
electroencephalography
123
electroencephalography word breakdown
electr/o- electricity encephal/o- brain -graph instrument used to record
124
procedure to diagnose the underlying conditions that can cause insomnia; sleep disruption; sleep apnea; or narcolepsy; electodes on the face and head and various other monitors are used to record the patient's EEG; eye movemebts; muscle activity; hearbeat; and respirations during sleep
polysomnography
125
polysomnography word breakdown
poly many; much somn/o sleep -graphy process of recording
126
neurologic test in which the end of the metal handle of a percussion hammer is used to firmly stroke the lateral sole of the foot from the heel to the toes
babinski's sign
127
numerical scale that measures the depth of a coma; ranges from 1 to 15 and is the sum of individual scores for eye opening; motor response; and verbal response following a painful stimulus
glasgow coma scale (GCS)
128
procedure to obtain cerbrospinal fluid for testing
lumbar puncture (LP)
129
lumbar puncture AKA
spinal tap
130
procedure that uses an electrical device to control chronic pain
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit
131
transcutaneous word breakdown
trans- across; through cutane/o-skin -ous pertaining to
132
procedure to remove plaque from the carotid artery
carotid endarterectomy
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endarterectomy word breakdown
endo- innermost; withing arter/o- artery -ectomy surgical removal
134
surgical incision into the cranium to expose the brain tissue
craniotomy
135
craniotomy word breakdown
crani/o- cranium (skull) -tomy process of cutting or making an incision
136
surgical removal of party or all of a herniated nucleus pulposus from an intervertebral disk
diskectomy
137
diskectomy word breakdown
disk/o- disk -ectomy surgical removal
138
surgical removal of the lamina (the flat area of the arch of the vertebra)
laminectomy
139
laminectomy word breakdown
lamin/o- lamina -ectoy surgical removal
140
ALS
amyotropic lateral sclerosis
141
CNS
central nervous system
142
CP
cerebral palsy
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CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
144
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
145
CVS
cerebrovascular accident
146
EEG
electroencephalography; electroencephalogram
147
GCS
glasgow coma scale (or score)
148
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
149
LP
lumbar puncture
150
SCI
spinal cord injury
151
TENS
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation unit
152
TIA
transient ischemic attack
