Chapter 14 Exam 5 Flashcards by Michelle Maynard

body system that includes glands that secrete hormones into the blood

endocrine system

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chemical messenger of the endocrine system that is produced by a gland and secreted into the blood

hormone

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endocrine gland in the brain that is connected by a stalk of tissue to the hypothalamus

pitutary gland

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hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; casues the thyroid gland to grow and stimulates it to secrete the thyrpid hormones T3 and T4

thyroid stimulating hormone

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endocrine gland between the two lobes of the thalamus; secrete the horomone melatonin

pineal gland

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endocrine gland in the nect that secretes the hormones T3; T4; and calcitonin

thyroid gland

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four endocrine glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; secrete parathyroid horomone

parathyroid glands

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endocrine gland posterior to the sternum and within the mediastinum; secretes a group of hormones known as thymosins

thymus

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a simples sugar in foods and also the sugar in the blood

glucose

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hormone secreted by beta cells in the islets of langerhans; transports glucose into the cells where it is metabolized for energy

insulin

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endocrine gland posterior to the stomach; contains the islets of langerhans that secrete the hormones glucagon; insulin; and somatostatin

pancreas

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endocrine glands on the top of the kidneys

adrenal glands

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hypersecreation of one or all of the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland; caused by a benign tumor of the anterior pituitary gland

hyperpituitarism

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hyperituitarism word breakdown

hyper- above; more than normal pituitar/o-pituitary gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause

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hyposecreation of one or more of the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland; caused by injury or a defect in the anterior pituitary gland

hypopituitarism

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hypopituitarism word breakdown

hypo- below; deficient pituitar/o- pituitary gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause

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hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty; casued by an adenoma in the anterior pituitary gland

gigantism

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gigantism word breakdown

gigant/o- giant -ism process; disease from a specific cause

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hypersecreation of growth hormone during adulthood; caused by an adenoma in the anterior pituitary gland

acromegaly

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acromegaly word breakdown

acr/o- extremity; highest point -megaly enlargement

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hyposecreation of growth hormone during childhood and puberty; caused by a defect in the anterior pituitary gland

dwarfism

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hyposecreation of antidiuretic hormone; casued by a defect in the posterior pituitary gland; a brain infection; head trauma; or heredity.

diabetes insipidus

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hypersecretion of melatonin; caused by a defect in the pineal gland

seasonal affective disorder

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affective word breakdown

affect/o- state of mind; mood; to have an influence on -ive pertaining to

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hypersecreation of T3 and T4 thyroid hormoned caused by an adenoma in the hyroid gland

hyperthyroidism

hyperthyroidism word breakdown

hyper- above; more than norma thyroid/o- thyroid gland -ism process; disease from a specif cause

hyperthyroidism AKA

thyroxicosis

thyroxicosis word breakdown

thyr/o- sheild shaped structure (thyroid gland); toxicp- poison; toxin -osis condtion; abnormal condition; process

most common type of hyperthyroidism

Graves disease

chronic and progressive enlargement of the thyroid gland

goiter

thyromegaly word breakdown

thyr/o- shield shped structure (thyroid gland) -megaly enlargement

goiter AKA

thyromegaly

hyposecretion of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones usually caused by an inadequate amount of iodine in the diet

hypothyroidism

hypothyroidism word breakdown

hypo-below; deficient thyroid/o- thryoid gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause

swelling of the subcutaneous and connective tissues; tingling in the hands and feet because of nerve compression; lack of menstruation; hair loss; an enlarged heart; bradycardia; an enlarged tongue; slow speech and mental impairment

myxedema

myxedema word breakdown

myx/o- mucus like substance -edema swelling

hypersecreation of parathyroid hormone caused by an adenoma in the parathyroid gland

hyperparathyroidism

hyperparathyrodism word breakdown

hyper- above; more than normal para- beside; apart from; two parts of a pair; abnormal thyroid/o thyroid gland -ism process; diseas from a specific cause

calcium level in the blood is too high

hypercalcemia

hypercalcemia word breakdown

hyper-abone; more than normal calc/0- calcium -emia condition of the blood; substance in the blood

hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone caused by the accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during a thyroidectomy

hypoparathyroidism

hypoparathyroidism word breakdown

hypo-below; deficient thyroid/o- thyroid gland -ism process; disease from a specific cause

calcium level in the blood is too low

hypocalcemia

hypocalcemia word breakdown

hypo- below; deficient calc/o- calcium -emia conditon of the blood; substance in the blood

hypersecreation of insulin

hyperinsulinism

hyperinsulinism word breakdown

hyper- above; more than normal insulin/o- insulin -sim process; disease from a specific cause

a low level of glucose in the blood

hypoglycemia

hypoglycemia word breakdown

hypo- below; deficient glyc/o- glucose -emia condition of the blood; substance in the blood

hypersecretion of insulin; occurs when receptors on body cells resist and do not allow insulin to trasport glucose in the cell

insulin resistance syndrom

resistance word breakdown

resist/o- withstand the effect of -ance state of

hyposecreation of insulin caused by an inability of the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete enough insulin

diabetes mellitus

increased level of glucose in the blood

hyperglycemia

hyperglycemia word breakdown

hyper- avone; more than normal glyc/o-glucaose -emia condation of the blood; substance in the blood

excess glucse in the blood is excreted in the urine

glycosuria

glycosuria word breakdown

glycos/o- glucose -uro- urine; urinary system -ia conditon; state; thing

increased amount of urine

polyuria

polyuria word breakdown

poly-many; much ur/o- urine; urinary system -ia condition; state; thing

with excessive urination; the patient becomes thirsty and drinks often

polydipsia

polydipsia word breakdown

poly- many; much dips/o- thirst -ia condition; state; thing

the patient feels hungry and eats often

polyphagia

polyphagia word breakdown

poly- many; much phag/o-eating; swallowing -ia condition; state; thing

insulin dependent. Juvenile onset diabetes

Type 1

slow onset; latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

Type 1.5

non-insulin depenent diabetes; adult onset diabetes

Type 2

high levels of ketones in the blood; occurs in untreated or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus when there is no insulin to metabolize glucose and the body turns to other sources of energy such as fat or protein

ketoacidosis

ketoacidosis word breakdown

ket/o-ketones acid/o- acid -osis condition; abnormal condition; process

hypersecretion of cortisol

cushings syndrome

syndrome word breakdown

syn- together -drome a running

hyposecreatin of testosterone in an adult male; normal result of the aging process in which the testes secrete less testosteron

gynecomastia

gynecomastia word breakdown

gynec/o- female; women mast/o- breast; mastoid process -ia condition; state; thing

test that measures the level of glucose after the patient has fasted for at least 12 hrs

fasting blood sugar

blood an urine tests that measure the level of glucose to determine if the pancreas is secreting a normal amoutn of insulin

glucose tolerance test

test that measures the A1C fraction of hemoglobin in red blood cells

hemoglobin A1C

test that measures the levels of T3; T4; and TSH to determine if the thyroid gland is secreting normal amounts of thyroid hormones

thyroid function tests

Calcium

diabetes insipidus

diabetes mellitus

FBS

fasting blood sugar

GTT

glucose tolerance test

HbA1c

hemoglobin A1C

IDDM

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

IRS

insulin resistance syndrom

NIDDM

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

SAD

seasonal affective disorder

TFTs

thyroid function tests

TSH

thyroid stimulating hormone

Chapter 14 Exam 5 Flashcards

(86 cards)