Chapter 8 Exam 2 Flashcards
(180 cards)
1
Q
body system that consists of all the bones; ligaments; and joints in the body
A
Skeletal System
2
Q
the combined systems of the bones and muscles
A
Skeletomuscular System
3
Q
Skeletomuscular word breakdown
A
Skelet/o- skeleton muscul/o- muscle
4
Q
domelike bone at the top of the head that contains the cranial cavity and the brain and other structures
A
Cranium
5
Q
crani/o -
A
cranium (skull)
6
Q
a hole in a bone
A
Foramen
7
Q
facial bone that is the lower jaw and contains the roots of the lower teeth; only moveable bone in the skull; forms a joint in front of the ear with the temporal bone
A
mandible
8
Q
Mandible word breakdown
A
mandibul/o- mandible (lower jaw)
9
Q
2 are fused together to form the maxilla
A
maxillary bones
10
Q
maxill/o-
A
maxilla (upper jaw)
11
Q
twelve pairs of bones that from the sides of the thorax
A
ribs
12
Q
Cost/o-
A
rib
13
Q
3 Types of ribs
A
true ribs; false ribs; floating ribs
14
Q
vertical bone of the anterior thorax to which the clavicle and ribs are attached
A
Sternum
15
Q
Sternum AKA
A
breast bone
16
Q
stern/o-
A
sternum (breast bone)
17
Q
bony cage of the chest that contains the thoracic cavity with the heart; lungs; and other structures
A
Thorax
18
Q
Thorax AKA
A
rib cage
19
Q
thorac/o-
A
thorax (chest)
20
Q
Vertebrae C1-C7 of the vertebral column in the neck
A
cervical vertebrae
21
Q
Cervical word breakdown
A
cervic/o-neck; cervix
22
Q
group of several small; fused vertebrae inferior to the sacrum
A
Coccyx
23
Q
Coccyx AKA
A
tail bone
24
Q
Coccyg/o
A
- coccyx (tailbone)
25
disk between two vertebrea; consisting of outwall of fibrocartilage and an inner gelatinous substance; the nucleus pulposus; that acts as a cushion
intervertebral disk
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Intervertabral word breakdown
vertebr/o-vertebra
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vertebrae L1-L5 of the verteral column in the lower back
lumbar vertebrae
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lumb/o-
lower back; area between the ribs and pelvis
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group of five fused vertebrae inferior to the lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
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sacr/o-
sacrum
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Vertebrae T1 - T12 of the vertebral column in the area of the chest; each joins with one pair of ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
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thorac/o-
thorax (chest)
33
rodlike bone along each shoulder; joins with the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula
Clavicle
34
Clavicle AKA
Collar bone
35
clavicl/o-
clavicle (collar bone)
36
trianglular shaped bone on each side of the upper back
Scapula
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Scapula AKA
Shoulder blade
38
Scapul/o-
scapula (shoulder blade)
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the eight small bones of the wrist joint
Carpal bones
40
Carp/o-
wrist
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long bone of the upper arm; fits into the glenoid fossa of the scapula to make the shoulder joing
humerus
42
Humer/o-
humerus (upper arm bone)
43
the five bones of the hand; one corresponding to each finger
metacarpal bones
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one of the individual bones of a finger or toe
phalanx
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phalang/o-
phalanx (finger or toe)
46
forearm bone loacted along the tumb side of the lower arm
Radius
47
radi/o-
radius (forearm; bone); xrays; radiation
48
forearm bone located along the little finger side of the lower arm
ulna
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Uln/o-
ulna (forearm bone)
50
cup-shaped deep socket in the hip bone that is formed by the ilium and the pubic bone
Acetabulum
51
Acetabul/o-
acetabulum (hip socket)
52
most superior hip bone; joins the sacrum; contains the acetabulum
ilium
53
Acetablulm AKA
hip joint
54
Ili/o-
ilium (hip bone)
55
largest of the ankle bones
Calcaneus
56
Calcaneus AKA
heel bone
57
Calcane/o-
calcaneus (heel bone)
58
long bone of the upper leg
Femur
59
Femur AKA
thigh bone
60
Femor/o-
femur (thigh bone)
61
thinner of the two bones in the lower leg; located on the little toe side
Fibula
62
Fibul/o-
fibula (lower leg bone)
63
the great toe
hallux
64
the five bones of the midfoot; one corresponding to each toe
Metatarsal bones
65
Tars/o-
ankle
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thick; round bone anterior to the knee joint
patella
67
Patella AKA
kneecap
68
patell/o-
patella (knee cap)
69
large; weight-bearing bone of the lower leg located on the great toe side
tibia
70
Tibia AKA
shin bone
71
Tibi/o-
tibia (shin bone)
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area where two bones come together
joint
73
Joint AKA
articulation
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Articul/o-
joint
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Three types of joints
suture; symphysis; and synovial
76
fibrous bands that hold two bone ends together in a synovial joint
Ligament
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ligament/o-
Ligament
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crescent-shaped cartilage pad found in some synovial joints such as the knee
meniscus
79
a fully movable joint
synovial joint
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Synovi/o
synovium (membrane)
81
Two types of synovial joints
Hinge joint (elbow and knee); ball and socket joint (shoulder and hip)
82
bones are covered with…
articular cartilage
83
Articul/o-
joint
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Cartilagin/o-
cartilage
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the straight shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
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diaphys/o-
shart of a bone
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one of the two widened ends of a long bone
epiphysis
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Epiphys/o-
enlarged area at the end of a long bone
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thick; fibrous membrane that covers the outer surgace of a bone
periosteum
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oste/o-
bone
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benign tumor of the bone
osteoma
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osteoma word breakdown
oste/o- bone -oma tumor; mass
93
malignant bone tumor in which osteoblasts; the cells that form new bone; multiply uncontrollably
Osteosarcoma
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Osteosarcoma AKA
Osteogenic sarcoma
95
Osteosarcoma word breakdown
oste/o- bone sarc/o- connective tissue -oma tumor; mass
96
Osteogenic word breakdown
oste/o- bone gen/o- arising from; produced by -ic pertaining to
97
benign tumor of the cartilage
chondroma
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chondroma word breakdown
chondr/o- cartilage -oma tumor; mass
99
broken bone due to an accident; injury; or disease process
fracture
100
fracture word breakdown
fract/o- break up -ure system; result of
101
a fracture casued by a disease process such as osteoporosis; bone cance; or metastases to the bone
pathologic fracture
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Pathologic word breakdown
path/o- disease log/o- word; the study of -ic pertaining to
103
any fracture in which the bone does not break through the overlying skin
closed fracture
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any fracture in which the bone breaks through the overlying skin
open fracture
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Open Fracture AKA
compound fracture
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distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
colles' fracture
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bone is crushed into several small pieces
comminuted fracture
108
Comminuted word breakdown
comminut/o- break into small pieces -ed pertaining to
109
vertabrae are compressed together when a person fall onto the buttocks or when a vertebra collapses in on itself because of disease
compression fracture
110
Compression word breakdown
compress/o- press together -ion action; condition
111
bone is broken on only one side
greenstick fracture
112
abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D in the diet or inadequate exposure to the sun whose rays make vitamin D in the skin
osteomalacia
113
Osteomalacia word breakdown
oste/o- bone malac/o- softening -ia condition; state; thing
114
infection in the bone or bone marrow; bacteria enter the bone following an open fracture; crush injory; or surgical procedure
osteomyelitis
115
Osteomyelitis word breakdown
oste/o- bone myel/o- bone marrow; spinal cord; myelin -it is inflammation of; infection of
116
abnormal thinning of the bone structure
osteoporosis
117
Osteoporosis word breakdown
oste/o- bone por/o- small openings; pores -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
118
abnormal; excessive; posterior curvature of the thoracic spine
kyphosis
119
Kyphosis AKA
humpback or hunchback
120
Kyphosis word breakdown
kyph/o- bent; humpbacked -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
121
abnormal; excessive; anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
lordosis
122
Lordosis AKA
swayback
123
Lordosis word breakdown
lord/o- swayback -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
124
abnormal; excessive; c-shaped or s-shaped lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
125
Scoliosis word breakdown
scoli/o- curved; crooked -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
126
pain in the joint from injury; inflammation; or infection from various causes
arthralgia
127
Arthralgia word breakdown
Arthr/o- joint alg/o- pain -ia condition; state; thing
128
displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint
dislocation
129
Dislocation word breakdown
dis- away from locat/o- a place -ion action; condition
130
metabolic disorder that occurs most often in me; high level of uric acid in the blood; casuse sudden; severe pain after uric acid moves from the blood into the soft tissues and forms crystals
gout
131
arthritis cuased by a bacterium in the bite of an infected deer tick
Lyme Disease
132
chronic inflammatory disease of the joints; particulary the large weight bearing joints and joints that move repeatedly
osteosarthritis
133
Osteoarthritis word breakdown
oste/o- bone arthr/o- joint -it is inflammation of; infection of
134
Osteoarthritis AKA
Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)
135
Degenerative word breakdown
De- reversal of; without gener/o- production; creation -ative pertaing to
136
acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue; particulary of the joints
rheumatoid arthritis
137
Rheumatoid arthritis word breakdown
rheumat/o- watery discharge -oid resembling arthr/o- joint -it is inflammation of; infection of
138
overstretching or tearing of a ligament around a joint
sprain
139
deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes
hallux valgus
140
blood test that is usually positive in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
141
procedure that uses a radiopaque contrast dye that is injected into a joint
arthrography
142
Arthrography word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -graphy process of recording
143
the x-ray; CT; or MRI inmage during arthrography is….
arthrogram
144
arthrogram word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -gram a record or picture
145
procedure that measures the bone mineral density (BMD) to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occurred
bone density tests
146
Two types of bone density tests
DEXA scan and QCT
147
QCT
quantitative computerized tomography (QCT)
148
DEXA
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
149
procedure in which manual manipulation of a displaced fracture is performed so that the bone ends go back into normal alignment with out the need for surgery
closed reduction
150
Reduction word breakdown
reduct/o- to bring back; decrease -ion action; condition
151
orthopedic device such as a artificial leg for a patient who has had amputation of a limb
Prothesis
152
procedure to remove all or part of an extremity because of trauma; cardiovascular disease; or diabetes mellitus
Amputation
153
Amputation word breakdown
amputat/o- to cut off -ion action; condition
154
procedure to remove an accumlation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space
arthrocentesis
155
arthrocentesis word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -centesis procedure to puncture
156
procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated; unstable joint
arthrodesis
157
arthrodesis word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -desis procedure to fuse together
158
procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize structures inside the joint
arthroscopy
159
Arthroscopy word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -scopy process of using an instrument to examine
160
procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractures with extensive bone loss or defets due to bone cancer
bone graft
161
procedure to remove the promient part of the metatarsal bone that is causing a bunion
bunionectomy
162
Bunionectomy word breakdown
bunion/o- bunion -ectomy surgical removal
163
procedure to replace a joint that has been destoryed by disease or osteoarthritis
joint replacement surgery
164
Joint Replacement Surgery AKA
arthroplasty
165
arthroplasty word breakdown
arthr/o- joint -plasty process of reshaping by surgery
166
AKA
above the knee amputation
167
BKA
below the knee amputation
168
DEXA; DXA
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
169
DIP
Distal interphalangeal (joint)
170
DJD
Degenerative Joint Disease
171
Fx
Fracture
172
LLE
Left lower extremity
173
LUE
left upper extremity
174
NSAID
non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
175
OA
osteoarthritis
176
PIP
proximal interphalangeal (joint)
177
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
178
RLE
right lower extremity
179
RUE
right upper extremity
180
THR
total hip replacement
