Chapter 4 Exam 1 Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
hollow sphere of cells in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
A
alveolus
2
Q
rounded top of each lung
A
apex
3
Q
tubular air passageway supported by cartilage rings
A
bronchus
4
Q
small tubular passageway that brances off from a bronchus and then branches into several alveoli
A
bronchiole
5
Q
pertaining to the heart and lungs
A
cardiopulmonary
6
Q
cardiopulmonary word breakdown
A
cardi/o- heart pulmon/o- lug
7
Q
muscular sheet that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal caity
A
diaphragm
8
Q
lidlike structure that seals off the larynx; so that swallowed food goes into the esophagus; not into the trachea
A
epiglottis
9
Q
structure that contains the vocal cords and is a passageway for inhaled and exhaled air. Also known as the voicebox
A
larynx
10
Q
large division of a lung; visible on the outer surface
A
lobe
11
Q
organ of respiration that contains alveoli
A
lung
12
Q
small cavity within the thoracic cavity; contains the trachea; heart and esophagus
A
mediastinum
13
Q
the throat; shared passageway for both air and food
A
pharynx
14
Q
double layereed serous membrane
A
pleura
15
Q
wall of cartilage and bone that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides
A
septum
16
Q
septum word breakdown
A
sept/o- septum (dividing wall)
17
Q
hollow space that is filled with the lungs and structures in the mediastinum
A
thoracic cavity
18
Q
vertical tube with c shaped rings of cartilage in it. Air passageway between the larynx and the bronchi
A
trachea
19
Q
trachea word breakdown
A
trache/o- trachea (windpipe)
20
Q
includes the trachea; bronchi; and bronchioles
A
bronchial tree
21
Q
hyperactivity of the bronchi and bronchioles with bronchospasm
A
asthma
22
Q
contraction of the smoothe muscle
A
bronchospasm
23
Q
prolonged; extremely sever; life-threatening asthma attack
A
status asthmaticus
24
Q
acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the bronchi
A
bronchitis
25
chronic; permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity of the bronchioles
bronchiectasis
26
bronchiectasis word breakdown
bronchi/o- bronchus -ectasis condition of dilation
27
normal inspiration sounnds like a soft wind rushing through a tunnel
abnormal breath sounds
28
irregular crackling or bubbling sounds during inspiration
rales
29
humming; whistling; or snoring sounds during inspiration
rhonchi
30
high pitched; harsh; crowing sound due to edema or obstruction in the trachea or larynx
stridor
31
high pitched whistling or squeaking sounds during inspiraitonn or expiration
wheezes
32
a sever infection; extensive burns; or injury to the lungs (aspiration of vomit or inhalation of chemical fumes) damages the alveoli
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
33
incompleted expansion or collapse of part or all of a lung due to mucus; tumor; trauma; or a foreign body that blocks the bronchus
atelectasis
34
atelectasis word breakdown
atel/o- incomplete -ectasis condition of dilation
35
combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema caused by chronic exposure to pollution or smokin.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
36
The alveoli become hyperinflated and often rupture creating large air pockets in the lungs
Emphysema
37
hereditary; eventaully fatal disease caused by a recessive gene
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
38
acute viral infection of the upper and lower respiratry system
influenza
39
localized collection of purulent material in the thoracic cavity from an infection in the lungs
empyema
40
empyema word breakdown
em- in py/o- pus -ema condition
41
purulent
pus
42
cancerous tumor of the lungs; more common in smokers than in non smokers
lung cancer
43
constant exposure to inhaled particles causes pulmonary fibrosis and the alveoli lose their elasticity
occupational lung disease
44
caused by coal dust (coal miner's lung or black lung disease)
anthracosis
45
caused by asbestos fibers
asbestosis
46
general word form any occupational lung disease casued by chronically inhaling some type of dust or particle
pneumoconiosis
47
infection of some or all of the lobes of the lungs
pneumonia
48
caused by foreign mattter (chemicals; vomit etc) that is inhaled into the lungs
aspiration pneumonia
49
pnuemonia caused by bacteria
bacterial pneumonia
50
pnuemonia that effects the bronchi; bronchioles; and alveoli in the lung
broncho-pneumonia
51
fluid collects in the alveoli
pulmonary adema
52
blockage of a pulmonary artery or one of its brances by an embolus
pulmonary embolism
53
acute viral respiratory illness that can be fatal
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
54
lung infection caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis and is spread by airborne droplets and coughing
tuberculosis (TB)
55
coughing up blood tinged sputum
hemoptysis
56
presence of blood in the thoracic cavity; usually from trauma
hemothorax
57
accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (between the two layers of pleura) due to inflammation or infection of the pleura and lungs
plurel effusion
58
inflammation or infection of the pleura due to pneumonia; trauma; or tumor
pleurisy
59
large volume of air in the plueral space
pneumothorax
60
pneumothorax word breakdown
pneum/o- lung; air -thorax thorax (chest)
61
brief or prolonged absence of spontaneous respirations due to respiratory failure or respiratory arrest
apnea
62
apnea word breakdown
a- away from; without -pnea breathing
63
abnormally slow rate of breathing
bradypnea
64
difficult; labored; or painful respiration due to lung disease
dyspnea
65
the need to be propped in an upright or sem-upright position in order to breathe and sleep comfortably
orthopnea
66
abnormally rapid rate of breathing that is casued by lung diease
tachypnea
67
complete lach (or a severely decrease level) of oxygen in the arterial blood and body tissues
anoxia
68
anoxia word breakdown
an- without; not ox/o- oxygen -ia condtion; state; thing
69
bluish gray discoloration of the skin because of a very low level of oxygen and a very high level of carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues
cyanosis
70
cyanosis word breakdown
cyan/o- blue -osis condition; abnormal condition; process
71
very low level of oxygen in the arterial blood
hypoxemia
72
hypoxemia word breakdown
hypo-below; deficient ox/o-oxygen -ia condition; abnormal condition; process
73
blood test to measure the partial pressure of the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of arterial blood
arterial blood gases (ABG)
74
procedure to measure the capicity of the lungs and the volume of air during inhalation and exhalation
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
75
procedure in which an oximeter is placed on the patient's index finger or earlobe to measure the degree of oxygen saturation of the blood
oximetry
76
oximetry word breakdown
oxi- oxgen metry process of measuring
77
test to identiry which bacterium is causing pulmonary infection and to determine its sensitivity to various antibiotic drugs
sputum culture and sensitivity (sputum C&S)
78
tests to determine if a patient has been exposed to tuberculosis
tuberculosis tests
79
TB test using an intradermal injection of PPD
mantoux
80
procedure to ventilate the lungs and circulate the blood if a patient has stopped breathing and the heart has stopped beating
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
81
procedure in which an endotracheal tube is inserted
endotracheal intubation
82
procedure to assist a choking victim with an airway obstruction
Heimlich maneuver
83
procedure that uses a lighted bronchoscope inserted through the mouth and larynx to examine the trachea and bronchi
bronchoscopy
84
bronchoscopy word breakdown
bronch/o- bronchus -scopy process of using an instrument to examine
85
procedure that inserts a plastic tube between the rins and into the thoracic caviry to remove accumulated blood due to trauma or infection
chest tube insertion
86
procedure to remove part or all of a lung
lung resection
87
procedure that uses a needle and a vacuum container to remove the pleural fluid from the pleural space
thoracocentesis
88
thoracocentesis word breakdown
throac/o thorax (chest) -centesis procedure to puncture
89
incision into the thoracic cavity
tracheostomy
90
ABG
Arterial blood gases
91
A&P
auscultation and percussion
92
ARDS
Acute respiratry distress syndrome; adult respiratory distress syndrome
93
C&S
cuture and sensitivity
94
CF
cystic fibrosis
95
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
96
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
97
CXR
chest x ray
98
LLL
left lower lobe of the lung
99
LUL
left upper lobe of the lung
100
PFTs
pulmonary function test
101
RLL
right lower lobe of the lung
102
RML
right middle lobe of the lung
103
RUL
right upper lobe of the lung
104
SOB
shortness of breathe
105
TB
tuberculosis
106
TPR
temperature; pulse; and respiration
107
URI
upper respiratory infection
