Chapter 9 Exam 2

Question 1

provides movement for the body in conjunction with support from the bones

Answer 1

Muscular system

Question 2

one of three types of muscles in the body; but the only one that is under voluntary control

Answer 2

Skeletal Muscle

Question 3

sac of synovial membrane that contains synovial fluid; decreases friction where a tendon rubs against a bone near a synovial joint

Answer 3

Bursa

Question 4

Burs/o-

Answer 4

bursa

Question 5

Thin connective tissues sheet around each muscle fascicle and around the muscle itself; merges to become part of the tendon

Answer 5

Fascia

Question 6

Fasci/o-

Answer 6

fascia

Question 7

where the tendon of a muscle ends on a bone that moves as the muscle contracts or relaxes

Answer 7

insertion

Question 8

where the tendon of a muscle begins and is attached to a stationary (or nearly stationary) bone

Answer 8

Origin

Question 9

cordlike; white band of neoelastic fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Answer 9

Tendon

Question 10

Tendin/o-

Answer 10

Tendon

Question 11

moving a body part away from the midline

Answer 11

abduction

Question 12

moving a body part toward the midline

Answer 12

Adduction

Question 13

straightening and extending a joint to increase the angle between 2 bones or two body parts

Answer 13

Extension

Question 14

bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones or body parts

Answer 14

Flexion

Question 15

Turning the palm of the hand posteriorly or downward

Answer 15

Pronation

Question 16

moving a body part around its axis

Answer 16

Rotation

Question 17

Turning the palm of the hand anteriorly or upward

Answer 17

Supination

Question 18

muscle of the side of the face that moves the cheek

Answer 18

buccinator muscle

Question 19

Buccinat/o-

Answer 19

cheek

Question 20

muscle of the side of the face that moves the mandible upward

Answer 20

Masseter muscle

Question 21

Masset/o-

Answer 21

chewing

Question 22

muscle of the neck thatbends the head toward the sternum (flexion) and turns the head to either side (rotation)

Answer 22

sternocleido-mastoid muscle

Question 23

muscle of the shoulder that raises the arm and moves the arm away from the body (abduction)

Answer 23

deltoid muscle

Question 24

Delt/o-

Answer 24

triangle

Question 25

muscle of the back that moves the arm posteriorly and medially toward the verebral column (adduction)

Answer 25

latissimus dorsi muscle

Question 26

muscle of the chest that moves the arm anteriorly and medially across the chest (adduction)

Answer 26

pectoralis major muscle

Question 27

Pector/o-

Answer 27

chest

Question 28

muscle of the shoulder that raises the shoulder; pulls the shoulder blades together; and elevates the clavicle

Answer 28

Trapezius muscle

Question 29

muscle of the anterior upper arm that bends the upper arm toward the shoulder (flexion) and bends the lower arm toward the upper arm (flexion)

Answer 29

biceps brachii muscle

Question 30

muscle of the posterior upper arm that straightens the lower arm (extension)

Answer 30

triceps brachii muscle

Question 31

muscle of the posterior lower leg that bends the foot downward (plantar flexion) and lets you staand on tiptoe

Answer 31

gastrocnemius muscle

Question 32

muscle of the buttocks that moves the upper leg posteriorly (extension) and rotates it laterally

Answer 32

gluteus maximus muscle

Question 33

collective name for muscles in the posterior upper leg that move the upper leg posteriorly (extension) and behind the lower leg toward the buttocks (flexion)

Answer 33

hamstrings

Question 34

collective name for the muscles in the anterior and lateral upper leg that straighten the lower leg (extension)

Answer 34

Quadriceps femoris

Question 35

shortening of the length of all the muscle fibers and of the muscle itself; opposite of relaxation

Answer 35

Contraction

Question 36

an increase in the size of a muscle

Answer 36

hypertrophy

Question 37

troph/o-

Answer 37

development

Question 38

loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles; caused by a lack of use or by malnutrition

Answer 38

atrophy

Question 39

Atrophy word breakdown

Answer 39

a- away from; without -trophy process of development

Question 40

inactivity or paralysis coupled with continuing nerve impluses can casuse an arm or leg muscle to become progressively flexed and drawn into a postion where it becomes nearly immovable

Answer 40

contrature

Question 41

Contracture word breakdown

Answer 41

contract/o- pull together -ure system; result of

Question 42

pain located at specific; hyperirritable trigger points in the muscles of the nect; back or hips; may be related to an overreaction to painful stimuli with a possible history of prior injury or a genetic predispostion

Answer 42

fibromyalgia

Question 43

Fibromyalgia word breakdown

Answer 43

fibro/o- fiber my/o- muscle alg/o- pain -ia condition; state; thing

Question 44

genetic inherited disease due to a mutation of the gene that makes the muscle protein dystrophin; the muscles weaken then atrophy

Answer 44

dystrophy

Question 45

Dystrophy word breakdown

Answer 45

dys- painful; difficult; abonormal trophy process of development

Question 46

most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy

Answer 46

Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

Question 47

condition affecting the muscles; tendons; and sometimes the nerves; occurs as a result of trauma caused by repetitive movements over an extended period of tiem

Answer 47

Repetitive strain injury (RSI)

Question 48

RSI

Answer 48

Repetitive strain injury

Question 49

benign tumor in a muscle

Answer 49

rhabdomyoma

Question 50

Rhabdomyoma word breakdown

Answer 50

rhabd/o- rod shaped my/o- muscle -oma tumor; mass

Question 51

tear in the rotator muscles of the shoulder that surround the head of the humerus

Answer 51

rotator cuff tear

Question 52

an uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of the muscles of the legs; particulary the calf muscles; along with an indescribable tingling; aching; or crawling-inset sensation

Answer 52

Restless legs syndrome (RLS)

Question 53

RLS

Answer 53

Restless legs syndrome

Question 54

small; involuntary; sometimes jerky; back-and-forth movements of the hands; head; jaw; or extremities; continuous and cannot be contolled by the patient

Answer 54

tremor

Question 55

inflammation of the bursal sac because of repetitive muscle contractions or pressure on the bone underneath the bursa

Answer 55

bursitis

Question 56

Bursitis word breakdown

Answer 56

burs/o- bursa -it is inflammation of infection of

Question 57

progressive disease in which collagen fibers in the fasia in the palm of the hand become thickened and shortened; causes a contracture and flexion deformity of the fingers

Answer 57

contracture

Question 58

Contracture word breakdown

Answer 58

contract/o- pull together -ure system; result of

Question 59

semisolid or fluid- containing cyst that develops on a tendo; often in the wrist; hand; or foot; rounded lump under the skin and may or may not be painful

Answer 59

ganglion

Question 60

inflammation of any tendon from injury or overuse

Answer 60

tendinitis

Question 61

tendinitis word breakdown

Answer 61

tendin/o- tendon -it is inflammation of; infection of

Question 62

procedure to diagnose muscle disease or nerve damage; a needle electrode inserted into a muscle records electrical activity as the muscle contracts and relaxes

Answer 62

electromyography

Question 63

electromyography word breakdown

Answer 63

electr/o- electricity my/o-muscle -graphy process of recording

Question 64

tapping briskly on a tendon causes an involuntary; automatic contraction of the muscle connected to that tendon. Tests whether the muscular-nervous pathway is functioning normally

Answer 64

Deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

Question 65

DTR

Answer 65

deep tendon reflexes

Question 66

procedure to remove a ganglion from a tendon

Answer 66

ganglionectomy

Question 67

procedure to diagnose muscle weakness that could be caused by many different muscular diseases

Answer 67

muscle biopsy

Question 68

biopsy word breakdown

Answer 68

bi/o- life; living organisms; living tissues -opsy process of viewing

Question 69

ADLs

Answer 69

activities of daily living

Question 70

COTA

Answer 70

certified occupational therapy assistant

Question 71

DTRs

Answer 71

deep tendon reflexes

Question 72

EMG

Answer 72

electromyography

Question 73

IM

Answer 73

intramuscular

Question 74

MD

Answer 74

muscular dystrophy

Question 75

PT

Answer 75

physical therapy; or physical therapist

Question 76

ROM

Answer 76

range of motion

Question 77

RST

Answer 77

repetitive strain injury