Chapter 11

Question 1

socialization

Answer 1

The process of acquiring the skills needed to adapt behaviours and expectations to fit the norms of a given culture.

Question 2

cohabit

Answer 2

To live together and have a sexual relationship without being married.

Question 3

young adulthood

Answer 3

A stage of the lifespan when the adult is committed to one or more adult social roles, including employee, homeowner, committed partner, and parent.

Question 4

senescence

Answer 4

A gradual age-related decline in physical systems.

Question 5

vitality

Answer 5

The capacity to live.

Question 6

plasticity

Answer 6

A process whereby the brain continues to change.

Question 7

executive system

Answer 7

A set of complex and sophisticated cognitive control and management abilities that require coordination of more than one region of the brain to perform.

Question 8

epiphyses

Answer 8

The enlarged ends of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft.

Question 9

bone mineral density

Answer 9

The amount of minerals, such as calcium, in an individual’s bones as he or she ages.

Question 10

reproductive health

Answer 10

A responsible, satisfying, and safe sex life, including the capability to reproduce, and the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so

Question 11

coital sex

Answer 11

The sexual union between a male and a female involving insertion of the penis into the vagina

Question 12

fertility

Answer 12

The natural capability to produce offspring.

Question 13

infertility

Answer 13

Medically defined as not conceiving a pregnancy after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse.

Question 14

assisted reproductive technology (ART)

Answer 14

A method of infertility treatment in which eggs are removed from the woman’s body, are combined with sperm, and are reintroduced into the body.

Question 15

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Answer 15

The manual combination of an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish.

Question 16

adoption agency

Answer 16

An organization licensed by a province to prepare adoptive parents, counsel birth parents, perform home studies, complete paperwork, place children in homes, and perform other adoption-related functions.

Question 17

adoption counsellor

Answer 17

A therapeutically skilled and trained professional who is also knowledgeable about adoption issues and dynamics

Question 18

gerontologist

Answer 18

A professional who studies the social, psychological, and biological aspects of aging.

Question 19

world view

Answer 19

The lens or overall perspective an individual uses to see and interpret the world; a personal philosophy of life.

Question 20

postformal thought

Answer 20

A quality of thinking beyond Piaget’s formal operational stage that includes cognitive flexibility, practicality, and relativism.

Question 21

cognitive flexibility

Answer 21

An executive function that allows an individual to piece together elements of knowledge to fit the demands of a given situation.

Question 22

creativity

Answer 22

The state or quality of being able to generate new and valuable ideas or things.

Question 23

morbidity

Answer 23

The rate of disease in a population.

Question 24

life course health approach

Answer 24

A model that uses people’s trajectories of health from conception through death to study and understand the development of disease and promotion of health.

Question 25

mortality

Answer 25

The rate of death in a population.

Question 26

potential years of life lost

Answer 26

An estimate of the average years a person would have lived if he or she had not died.

Question 27

substance use disorder

Answer 27

A mental disorder that occurs when substance use interferes with a person’s daily life or functioning.