Chapter 11

Question 1

Motivating, directing, and otherwise influencing people to work hard to achieve the organization’s goals

Answer 1

Leading

Question 2

Consists of the stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity

Answer 2

Personality

Question 3

Big Five Personality Dimensions:

Answer 3

(1) Extroversion
(2) Agreeableness
(3) Conscientiousness
(4) Emotional Stability
(5) Openness to Experience

Question 4

How outgoing, talkative, sociable and assertive a person is

Answer 4

Extroversion

Question 5

How trusting, good natured, cooperative, and soft hearted someone is

Answer 5

Agreeableness

Question 6

How dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, and persistent someone is

Answer 6

Conscientiousness

Question 7

How relaxed, secure, and unworried a person is

Answer 7

Emotional Stability

Question 8

How intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad minded someone is

Answer 8

Openness to Experience

Question 9

Represents a broad personality trait comprising four positive individual traits:

Answer 9

Core Self Evaluation:

(1) Self efficacy
(2) Self esteem
(3) Locus of control
(4) Emotional stability

Question 10

Belief in one’s personal ability to do a task

Answer 10

Self efficacy

Question 11

Represents “individual’s perception of their ability to perform across a variety of different situations” . Career readiness competency desired by employers.

Answer 11

Generalized Self- Efficacy

Question 12

Self Efficacy Implications for Managers:

Answer 12

(1) Assign jobs accordingly
(2) Develop employees’ self-efficacy and generalized self-efficacy
(3) Monitor employees to avoid learned helplessness by offering guided experiences, mentoring, and role modeling.

Question 13

The debilitating lack of faith in your ability to control your environment

Answer 13

Learned Helplessness

Question 14

The extent to which people like or dislike themselves, their overall self-evaluation

Answer 14

Self-esteem

Question 15

More apt to handle failure better and become leaders

Answer 15

High self esteem

Question 16

Focus on weaknesses and have primarily negative thought

Answer 16

Low self esteem

Question 17

Indicates how much people believe they control their fate through their own efforts

Answer 17

Locus of Control

Question 18

Locus of Control Implications for Managers:

Answer 18

(1) Expect different degrees of structure and compliance for each type
(2) Employ different reward systems for each type

Question 19

The extent to which people feel secure and unworried and how likely they are to experience negative emotions under pressure

Answer 19

Emotional Stability

Question 20

Ability to monitor yours and others’ feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions

Answer 20

Emotional Intelligence

Question 21

Concluded that EI is composed of four key components: self awareness, self management, social awareness and relationship management

Answer 21

Daniel Goleman

Question 22

Improvements for EI:

Answer 22

(1) Develop awareness of your EI level

(2) Learn about areas needing improvement

Question 23

The ability to read your own emotions and gauge your moods accurately, so you know how you are affecting others

Answer 23

Self awareness

Question 24

The ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways

Answer 24

Self management

Question 25

Allowing you to show others that you care, and organizational intuition, so you keenly understand how your emotions and actions affect others

Answer 25

Social awareness

Question 26

Ability to communicate clearly and convincingly, disarm conflicts, and build strong personal bonds

Answer 26

Relationship management

Question 27

The process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.

Answer 27

Perception

Question 28

Four Steps in the Perceptual Process:

Answer 28

(1) Selective attention (2) Interpretation & evaluation (3) Storing in memory (4) Retrieving from memory to make judgements and decisions

Question 29

Five Distortions in Perception:

Answer 29

(1) Stereotyping (2) Implicit bias (3) Halo effect (4) Recency effect (5) Causal attribution

Question 30

The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs

Answer 30

Stereotyping

Question 31

Principal Areas of Stereotyping:

Answer 31

(1) Sex role stereotypes (2) Age stereotypes (3) Race / ethnicity stereotypes

Question 32

The belief that differing traits and abilities make males and females particularly well suited to different roles

Answer 32

Sex role stereotype

Question 33

Attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner

Answer 33

Implicit Bias

Question 34

We form an impression of an individual based on a single trait. “One trait tells me all I need to know.”

Answer 34

Halo Effect

Question 35

The tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information

Answer 35

Recency Effect

Question 36

The activity inferring causes for observed behavior

Answer 36

Causal Attribution

Question 37

People attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to situational factors

Answer 37

Fundamental Attribution Bias

Question 38

People tend to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure

Answer 38

Self-Serving Bias

Question 39

Also known as the Pygmalion effect, describes the phenomenon in which people's expectations of themselves or others lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.

Answer 39

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Question 40

Three types of attitudes managers are particularly interested in are:

Answer 40

(1) Employee engagement (2) Job satisfaction (3) Organizational commitment

Question 41

Defined as a "mental state in which a person performing a work activity is full immersed in the activity, feeling full of energy and enthusiasm for the work."

Answer 41

Employee Engagement

Question 42

What contributes to employee engagement?

Answer 42

(1) Person Factors | (2) Situation Factors

Question 43

Personal Factors:

Answer 43

(1) Personality (2) Positive psychological capital (3) Human and social capital

Question 44

Situational Factors:

Answer 44

(1) Job characteristics (2) Leadership (3) Organizational climate (4) Stressors

Question 45

Environmental characteristics that cause stress

Answer 45

Stressors

Question 46

Four types of interventions that managers can use to positively influence employee engagement:

Answer 46

(1) Personal resource building (2) Job resource building (3) Leadership training (4) Health promotion

Question 47

The extent to which you feel positive or negative about various aspects of your work

Answer 47

Job satisfaction

Question 48

Reflects the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals

Answer 48

Organizational commitment

Question 49

Workplace Behaviors :

Answer 49

(1) Performance and productivity (2) Absenteeism and turnover (3) Organizational citizenship behaviors (4) Counterproductive work behaviors

Question 50

Employee behaviors that are not directly part of employees' job descriptions - that exceed their work role requirements

Answer 50

Organizational Citizenship Behaviors ( OCBs )

Question 51

Types of behavior that harm employees and the organization as a whole

Answer 51

Counterproductive Work Behaviors ( CWBs )

Question 52

Represents all the ways people are unlike and alike - the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background

Answer 52

Diversity

Question 53

Four Layers of Diversity:

Answer 53

(1) Personality (2) Internal dimensions (3) External dimensions (4) Organizational dimensions

Question 54

Stable physical and mental characteristics responsible for a person's identity

Answer 54

Personality

Question 55

Human differences that exert a powerful, sustained effect throughout the stages of our life.

Answer 55

Internal Dimensions of Diversity

Question 56

Internal Dimensions of Diversity :

Answer 56

(1) Age (2) Gender (3) Ethnicity (4) Race (5) Sexual orientation (6) Physical abilities

Question 57

Include an element of choice; they consist of the personal characteristics that people acquire, discard or modify throughout their lives

Answer 57

External Dimensions of Diversity

Question 58

External Dimensions of Diversity:

Answer 58

(1) Educational background (2) Marital status (3) Parental status (4) Religion (5) Income (6) Geographical location (7) Work experience (8) Recreational habits (9) Appearance (10) Personal habits

Question 59

The metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs

Answer 59

Glass Ceiling

Question 60

A term for people whose sense of their gender differs from what is expected based on the sex characteristics with which they are born

Answer 60

Transgender

Question 61

Prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities

Answer 61

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Question 62

Two important mismatches between education and workplace:

Answer 62

(1) College graduates may be in jobs for which they are overqualified (2) High school dropouts and others may not have the literacy skills needed for many jobs

Question 63

Working at jobs that require less education than they have

Answer 63

Underemployed

Question 64

Barriers to Diversity:

Answer 64

(1) Stereotypes and Prejudices (2) Fear of discrimination against majority group members (3) Resistance to Diversity Program Priorities (4) Negative Diversity Climate (5) Lack of Support for Family Demands (6) A hostile work environment for diverse employees

Question 65

The belief that your native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior to those of another culture

Answer 65

Ethnocentrism

Question 66

A subcomponent of an organization's overall climate and is defined as the employees aggregate perceptions about the organization's diversity related formal structure

Answer 66

Diversity Climate

Question 67

Source of stress

Answer 67

Stressor

Question 68

Feeling of tension and pressure

Answer 68

Stress

Question 69

Effects of stress:

Answer 69

(1) Physiological signs (2) Psychological signs (3) Behavioral signs

Question 70

State of emotional, mental, and even physical exhaustion

Answer 70

Burnout

Question 71

True or False: Stressors can be negative and positive.

Answer 71

True

Question 72

Six Sources of Stress on the job:

Answer 72

(1) Demands created by individual differences (2) Individual task demands (3) Individual role demands (4) Work life balance (5) Group demands (6) Organizational demands

Question 73

They are involved in a chronic, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time

Answer 73

Type A Behavior

Question 74

Sets of behavior that people expect of occupants of a position

Answer 74

Roles

Question 75

Stress can come about because of:

Answer 75

(1) Stress overload (2) Role conflict (3) Role Ambiguity

Question 76

Occurs when others expectations exceed your ability

Answer 76

Role overload

Question 77

Occurs when someone feels torn by the different expectations of important people in one's life

Answer 77

Role conflict

Question 78

Occurs when others' expectations are unknown

Answer 78

Role ambiguity

Question 79

Occurs when the demand or pressure from work and family domains are mutually incompatible

Answer 79

Work Life Conflicts

Question 80

Administrative changes that managers can make to reduce stressors and improve employee well being

Answer 80

Buffers

Question 81

Represents the capacity to consistently bounce back from adversity and to sustain yourself when confronted with challenges

Answer 81

Build Resilience

Question 82

Includes a host or programs aimed at helping employees to cope with stress, burnout, substance abuse, health related problems, family and marital issues, and any general problem that negatively influences job performance

Answer 82

Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)

Question 83

Focuses on self responsibility, nutritional awareness, relaxation techniques, physical fitness, and environmental awareness.

Answer 83

Holistic Wellness Program

Question 84

Reducing Stressors in Organization:

Answer 84

(1) Build resilience (2) Roll out employee assistance programs (3) Recommend a holistic wellness approach (4) Create a supportive environment (5) Make jobs interesting (6) Make career counseling available