Chapter 12 Flashcards
(67 cards)
Defined as the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behaviour
Motivation
Motivation must be ____________ from one’s behavior.
Inferred
Personal Factors of Motivation:
(1) Personality
(2) Ability
(3) Core self evaluations
(4) Emotions
(5) Attitudes
(6) Needs
(7) Values
(8) Work attitudes
Contextual Factors of Motivation:
(1) Organizational culture
(2) Cross cultural values
(3) Physical environment
(4) Rewards and reinforcement
(5) Group norm
People have certain needs that motivate them to perform specific behaviors for which they receive rewards that feedback and satisfy the original need
Model of Motivation
The payoff, such as money, a person receives from others for performing a particular task
Extrinsic Reward
The satisfaction, such as a feeling of accomplishment, a person receives from performing the particular task itself.
Intrinsic Reward
Concerned with the thought processes by which people decide how to act
Process Perspectives
A model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give and take relationships
Equity Theory
Equity theory is based on _________.
Cognitive Dissonance
Equity theory inputs:
“What do you think you’re putting into the job?”
Equity theory outputs:
“What do you think you’re getting out of the job?”
Three components of organizational justice:
(1) Distributive justice
(2) Procedural justice
(3) Interactional justice
Reflects the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed or allocated. “ How fairly are rewards being given out?”
Distributive justice
The perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make allocation decisions. “How fair is the process for handing out rewards?”
Procedural justice
The “quality” of the interpersonal treatment people receive when procedures are implemented. “ How fairly am I being treated when rewards are given out?”
Interactional justice
Five practical lessons drawn from equity and justice theories:
(1) Employee perceptions are what count
(2) Employees want a voice in decisions that affect them
(3) Employees should be given an appeal process
(4) Leader behavior matters
(5) A climate for justice makes a difference
Boils down to deciding how much effort to exert in a specific task situation
Expectancy Theory
Expectancy theory says motivation involves the relationship between:
(1) Expectancy
(2) Effort
(3) Performance
The belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance
Expectancy
The expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the outcome desired
Instrumentality
Value, the importance a worker assigns to the possible outcome or reward.
Valence
Suggests that employees can be motivated by goals that are specific and challenging but achievable
Goal Setting Theory
Four Motivational Mechanisms of Goal Setting Theory:
(1) Directs your attention
(2) Regulates the effort expended
(3) Increases your persistence
(4) Fosters use of strategies and action plans
