Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards
(70 cards)
What is personality?
long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways.
What did Hippocrates theorize with the 4 temperaments associated with 4 fluids of the body?
- Choleric - yellow bile from the liver
- Melancholic - Black bile from the kidneys
- Sanguine - red blood from the heart
- Phlegmatic - white phlegm from the lungs
What did Galen theorize with the 4 temperaments associated with personality differences?
- Choleric -passionate, ambitious, gold
- Melancholic - reserved, anxious, and unhappy
- Sanguine - joyful, eager, and optimistic
- Phlegmatic - calm, reliable, and thoughtful
What did Franz Gall propose?
Proposed that distance b/w bumps on the skull reveal a person’s personality traits, character, and mental abilities
What did Wilhelm Wundt propose?
Suggested that personality could be described using two major axes:
- emotional/non-emotional: strong vs weaker emotions
- changeable/unchangeable: changeable temperaments vs unchangeable ones
What dis Sigmund Freud propose?
Proposed that unconscious drives influenced by sex, aggression, and childhood sexuality influence personality
What is the unconscious?
Mental activity that we are unaware of and are unable to access
What is the Freudian slip?
Suggest that slips of the tongue are sexual/aggressive urges accidently slipping out of our unconscious
What is the Id?
Contains primitive urges (hunger, thirst, and sex)
- impulsive acts and operates on the “pleasure principle”
What is the Superego?
Developed thru interactions with others, learning social rules for right and wrong
- Strives for perfection
What is the ego?
Attempts to balance the id with the superego
- rational
- operates on the “reality principle” - helps the id satisfy desires in a realistic way
What is the effect of a balanced id and superego?
A healthy personality
What is the effect of an imbalanced id and superego?
neurosis, which is the tendency to experience negative emotions
What are defense mechanisms?
Unconscious protective behaviors that work to reduce anxiety
What are the 8 defense mechanisms?
- denial
- displacement
- projection
- rationalization
- reaction formation
- regression
- repression
- sublimation
What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development?
- oral stage
- anal stage
- phallic stage
- latency stage
- genital stage
What happens in the oral stage?
birth -1 year
erogenous zone - mouth
pleasure - from eating and sucking
major conflict - being weaned from bottle or breast
adult fixation - smoking, overeating, nail biting
What happens in the anal stage?
1-3 years
Erogenous zone - anus
Pleasure - from bowel and bladder movements
Major conflict - toilet training
Adult fixation - anal retentive personality (stingy, stubborn, neatness); anal expulsive personality (messy, careless,disorganized)
What happens in the phallic stage?
3-6 years
Erogenous zone - genitals
Major conflict - child feels a desire fr the opposite sex parent, and jealousy and hatred toward the same sex parent
- Oedipus complex (boys)
- Electra complex (girls)
Adult fixation - vanity, over-ambition
What happens in the latency stage?
6-12 years
Erogenous zone - none
sexual feelings are doormat
What happens in the genital stage?
12+ years
Erogenous zone - genitals
sexual reawakening - urges are redirected from parents to more socially acceptable partners
What is individual psychology?
- Focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings and inferiority
What is the inferiority complex?
A person’s feelings that they lack worth and don’t measure up to the standards of others or of society
Who is associated with individual psychology?
Alfred Adler
