Chapter 13 Industrial - Organizational Psychology

Question 1

What is industrial-organizational psychology?

Answer 1

type of psychology that studies how human behavior and psychology effect work and how they are affected by work

Question 2

What is industrial psychology?

Answer 2

Studies job characteristics, applicant characteristics, and how to match them

• also studies how employee trainings and performance appraisal

Question 3

What is organizational psychology?

Answer 3

Type of psychology that studies interactions b/w people working in organizations and effects of those interactions on productivity

Question 4

What is human factors psychology?

Answer 4

Studies how workers interact with the tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize workers’ productivity, safety, and health.

• also known as Ergonomics

Question 5

What is Elton Mayo associated with?

Answer 5

The Hawthorne Effect

Question 6

What is the Hawthorne Effect?

Answer 6

The increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched, and paid attention to by researchers or supervisors

Question 7

Who is Lilian Gilbreth?

Answer 7

Mother of Modern Management

• studied work efficiency improvements and to increase work productivity

Question 8

What is job analysis?

Answer 8

accurately describing the task/job

Question 9

What is task oriented?

Answer 9

lists in detail the tasks that will be performed for the job

Question 10

What is worker oriented?

Answer 10

Describes characteristics required of the worker to successfully perform the job

Question 11

What is O*Net?

Answer 11

database of previously compiled job analyses for different jobs and occupations

Question 12

What is candidate analysis and testing?

Answer 12

testing and interviewing such as personality tests, IQ tests, integrity tests, and physical tests such as drug or physical fitness tests

Question 13

What is a unstructured interview?

Answer 13

• different questions for different candidates
• questions are usually unspecified beforehand

Question 14

Wha is a structured interview?

Answer 14

• same questions for every candidate
• questions are prepared in advance
• standardized rating system for each response
• more effective at predicting subsequent job performance of the job candidate

Question 15

What are performance appraisals?

Answer 15

evaluation of an employee’s success or lack of success at performing the duties of the job

Question 16

What is a 360-degree Feedback Appraisal?

Answer 16

Supervisors, customers, direct reports, peers, and the employees himself rate an employee’s work performance

Question 17

What is the bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)?

Answer 17

Requirement of certain occupations for which denying an individual employment would otherwise violate the law, such as requirements concerning religion or sex

Question 18

What are the 10 factors involved in job satisfaction?

Answer 18

1. autonomy
2. work content
3. communication
4. financial rewards
5. growth and development
6. Promotion
7. Coworkers
8. Supervision and feedback
9. workload
10. work demands

Question 19

What are 3 threats to job security?

Answer 19

1. downsizing
2. corporate merger
3. acquisition

Question 20

What is downsizing?

Answer 20

process in which an organization tries to achieve greater overall efficiency by reducing the number of employees

Question 21

What are corporate mergers?

Answer 21

the joining of two organizations

Question 22

What is an acquisition?

Answer 22

one organization purchases another

Question 23

What are the 3 sources of work-family conflicts?

Answer 23

1. time devoted to work
2. strain from participation in work
3. specific behaviors required by work

Question 24

What is telecommuting?

Answer 24

employees’ ability to set their own hours allowing them to work from home at different parts of the day

Question 25

What is scientific management?

Answer 25

theory of management that analyzes and synthesized workflows with the main objective of improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity

Question 26

What are the 2 types of managers identified by scientific management?

Answer 26

1. Theory X 2. Theory Y

Question 27

What is a theory x manager?

Answer 27

a manager that assumes workers are inherently lazy and unproductive; managers must have control and use punishments

Question 28

What is a theory y manager?

Answer 28

manager assumes workers are people who seek to work hard and productively; finds creative solutions to problems with workers and workers aren't micromanaged

Question 29

What is strength based management?

Answer 29

a management approach that focuses on employees' strength

Question 30

What is a transactional leadership?

Answer 30

characteristic of leaders who focus on supervision and organizational goals achieved thru a system of rewards/punishments

Question 31

What is a transformational leadersip?

Answer 31

1. charismatic role models 2. inspirational 3. intellectually stimulating 4. individually considerate

Question 32

What is a work team?

Answer 32

group of people within an organization or company given a specific task to achieve together

Question 33

What is the team halo effect?

Answer 33

teams are given credit for their success but individuals within a team are blamed for team failures

Question 34

What are the 3 types of work teams?

Answer 34

1. problem resolution teams - created for the purpose of solving a particular problem 2. creative teams - used to develop innovative possibilities or solutions 3. tactical teams - used to execute a well defined plan or objective

Question 35

What is organizational culture?

Answer 35

the values, visions, and hierarchies, norms, and interactions among its employees

Question 36

What are the 3 layers of organizational culture?

Answer 36

1. observable artifacts 2. espoused values 3. basic assumptions

Question 37

What are observable artifacts?

Answer 37

symbols of language, narratives, and practices that represent the underlying cultural assumptions

Question 38

What are espoused values?

Answer 38

concepts/beliefs that management or entire organization endorses

Question 39

What are basic assumptions?

Answer 39

assumptions usually unobservable and unquestioned

Question 40

What are the 4 areas of human factors psychology?

Answer 40

1. attention 2. cognitive engineering 3. task analysis 4. cognitive task analysis

Question 40

What is attention in human factors psychology?

Answer 40

includes vigilance and monitoring, recognizing signals in noise, mental resources, and divided attention

Question 41

What is cognitive engineering in human factors psychology?

Answer 41

includes human software interactions in complex automated systems

Question 42

What is task analysis in human factors psychology?

Answer 42

breaking down the elements of a task

Question 43

What is cognitive task analysis in human factors psychology?

Answer 43

breaking down the elements of a cognitive task