Chapter 12: Benign Disease of the Female Pelvis

Question 1

surgical removal of adhesions (scar tissue)

Answer 1

adhesiolysis

Question 2

failure to ovulate

Answer 2

anovulation

Question 3

inflammation of the bowel

Answer 3

Chrohn disease

Question 4

surgery performed with an electrical device such as an electrocautery

Answer 4

electrosurgery

Question 5

Blood-filled ovarian cyst resultant from endometriosis implants

Answer 5

endometrioma

Question 6

hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland which stimulates growth of the Graafian follicles

Answer 6

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 7

form of carcinoma that grows into the uterine musculature

Answer 7

chorioadenoma destruens

Question 8

Genetically abnormal pregnancy that develops into a grape-like mass within the uterus

Answer 8

hydatidform mole

Question 9

Increased testosterone levels associated with PCOS

Answer 9

hyperandrogenemia

Question 10

excessive production/secretion of androgens

Answer 10

hyperandrogenism

Question 11

reconstructive surgery of the uterus

Answer 11

hysteroplasty

Question 12

instrument allowing visualization of the uterus

Answer 12

hysteroscope

Question 13

collapsing and rolling inward

Answer 13

involute

Question 14

hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland which stimulates ovulation

Answer 14

luteininizing hormone (LH)

Question 15

Breaking up of tissue

Answer 15

lysis

Question 16

Abnormally heavy or prolonged menses

Answer 16

menorrhagia

Question 17

infrequent menses

Answer 17

oligomenorrhea

Question 18

infrequent ovulation

Answer 18

oligoanovulation

Question 19

peritoneal fold supporting the abdominal viscera

Answer 19

omentum

Question 20

growth of the placenta into the myometrium

Answer 20

placenta accrete

Question 21

Implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment or on the cervix

Answer 21

placenta previa

Question 22

microscopic collection of calcium associated with specific tumor types

Answer 22

psammoma bodies

Question 23

tissue that absorbs x-rays appearing white on the resulting radiograph

Answer 23

radiodense (radiopaque)

Question 24

hemorrhage into a leiomyoma that has outgrown its blood supply

Answer 24

red degeneration

Question 25

antiestrogenic drug used to decrease the occurence of certain estrogen-sensitive breast cancers

Answer 25

tamoxifen

Question 26

partial separation of the myometrium at the location of uterine scar t

Answer 26

uterine dehiscence

Question 27

excessive hair on a woman

Answer 27

hirsutism

Question 28

Select the cervical anomaly that does not cause bleeding. a. leiomyoma b. polyp c. Nabothian cyst d. hyperplasia

Answer 28

c

Question 29

HSG is:

Answer 29

hysterosalpingography

Question 30

Uterine dehiscence is caused by:

Answer 30

uterine surgeries such as cesarean section

Question 31

Leiomyomas: a. occur in 50% - 60% of women of reproductive age b. are the most common tumor of the female pelvis c. usually occur after menopause d. are also known as myometra

Answer 31

b

Question 32

Degenerative changes occur when myomas:

Answer 32

outgrow their blood supply

Question 33

Sonohysterography (SHSG): a. produces radiation to the patient b. may cause bleeding, intense pain, and provide ovarian contour information c. is performed in place of a myomectomy d. demonstrates myomatous extension onto the endometrioum through visualizing filling defects

Answer 33

d

Question 34

Differentiating a pelvic mass from bowel may be done by:

Answer 34

monitoring the suspect area for peristalsis

Question 35

Lymphoceles, uromas, hematomas, and abscesses: a. area easily differentiated because each has unique attributes b. share sonographic characteristics of cystic structures with separation c. display similar laboratory reports d. cause distinct symptoms

Answer 35

b

Question 36

A fibromyoma located within the myometrium is labeled:

Answer 36

intramural

Question 37

Anechoic or complex lesions of the superior anterolateral vagina wall (adjacent to the cervix) are:

Answer 37

Gartner duct cysts

Question 38

Select the sonographic criteria most likely not related to benign ovarian cysts. a. lack of color flow within the cystic structure b. increased posterior enhancement c. homogeneously increased echogenecity d. smooth posterior border

Answer 38

c

Question 39

The "ring of fire" demonstrated peripherally when imaging a cyst with color or power Doppler is related to:

Answer 39

corpus luteum cysts

Question 40

Sonographic findings in serous cystadenoma compared to mucinous cystadenoma are:

Answer 40

serous displays cystic fluid-fluid levels, mucinous appears cystic with projections from the cyst wall.

Question 41

Gonadoblastoma tumors may cause all of the following except: a. primary amenorrhea b. abscess c. abnormal genitalia d. virilization

Answer 41

b

Question 42

Meigs syndrome presents as:

Answer 42

ascites, pleural effusion, and an ovarian neoplasm

Question 43

Select the description for ovarian remnant syndrome: a. Severe adhesions and endometriosis b. FSH/LH hyperstimulation c. unilateral oophorectomy d. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by restored function of remnant ovarian tissue

Answer 43

d

Question 44

A posthysterectomy AP vaginal cuff should measure:

Answer 44

less than 2.2 cm

Question 45

A cystadenoma is a ____ tumor originating in glandular tissue.

Answer 45

benign

Question 46

Paraovarian cysts arise from the:

Answer 46

adnexa

Question 47

Excessive growth of the endometrium is a condition called_

Answer 47

endometrial hypoplasia

Question 48

The gold standard diagnostic procedure for the uterus and fallopian tubes is:

Answer 48

hysterosalpingography

Question 49

Asherman syndrome, which is _____ of the endometrium, is also known as ______.

Answer 49

adhesions synechaie

Question 50

A condition in which the uterine myometrium separates leaving an intact peritoneum is _____.

Answer 50

uterine dehiscence

Question 51

Uterine scarring caused be cesaeran section occurs on the ______ of ______ at the ______ of the _____.

Answer 51

anterior section uterus internal os cervix

Question 52

Techniques that may help demonstrate myomas include:

Answer 52

lowest frequency transducer possible increase overall and time gain compensation increase the output power because myomas tend to attenuate the sound beam

Question 53

_____ formation within the pelvis may be owing to an infectious process involving the tubes, ovaries, appendix, bowel, peritoneum, or bowel perforation.

Answer 53

abscess

Question 54

The sonographic appearance of a lymphocele is a pocket of fluid with a well-defined _____ mass.

Answer 54

septated

Question 55

Leiomyomas are also called:

Answer 55

myoma leiomyomata fibromyoma

Question 56

Multiple large subserosal myomas may result in an _____ uterus with a ______ contour; large intramural submucous myomas may distend the _____ cavity and distort the ______.

Answer 56

enlarged lobulated cavity endometrial lining

Question 57

The normal appendix measures less than _____ from outer edge to outer edge.

Answer 57

6mm

Question 58

If fallopian tubes are detected sonographically as tubular, tortuous, and fluid-filled, a diagnosis may be ____ or ____.

Answer 58

pyosalpinx hydrosalpinx

Question 59

Functional or physiological cysts of the ovary include:

Answer 59

ovarian follicles follicular cysts corpus luteum cysts theca lutein cysts

Question 60

Cysts greater than 10 cm in size have a greater potential to be _____ or invasive.

Answer 60

malignant

Question 61

Ovarian torsion presents mostly on the _____ side and demonstrates _____ of blood flow.

Answer 61

right decrease or absence

Question 62

Fibrothecomas demonstrate a ____ contour, ______, and _____.

Answer 62

Smooth Hypoechoic Solid

Question 63

_______ are fluid-filled masses caused by serous fluid collections between layers of peritoneum or adhesions.

Answer 63

Peritoneal inclusion cysts

Question 64

Gonadoblastoma size ranges up to ____ cm. They demonstrate areas of ______.

Answer 64

8 Calcification

Question 65

Cysts measuring less than ____ cm in greatest diameter usually regress spontaneously.

Answer 65

10

Question 66

Tumors containing teeth, hair, glandular tissues, and possibly neural or thyroid tissue are _____ or ____ tumors.

Answer 66

Teratomas Dermoid