Chapter 5: Foundational Ultrasound Ergonomics for Obstetrics and Gynecology

Question 1

any behavior that increases the chances of developing MSKD

Answer 1

risk factor

Question 2

the creation of a safe workplace that involves the sonographer and ultrasound system positioning

Answer 2

ergonomics

Question 3

movement beyond the normal range or a joint

Answer 3

hyperextension

Question 4

a position that increases the angle of a joint

Answer 4

extension

Question 5

the position of our bodies

Answer 5

posture

Question 6

fixed or unchanging position

Answer 6

static posture

Question 7

excessive anterior curvature of the spine

Answer 7

lordosis

Question 8

work area encompassing the equipment

Answer 8

workstation

Question 9

repeated movements. When coupled with force and awkward body positions increase the risk of MSKD development

Answer 9

repetition

Question 10

the decrease of an angle of a joint

Answer 10

flexion

Question 11

cumulative injury caused by repeated movement of a musculoskeletal structure

Answer 11

repetitive stress injury

Question 12

moving away from the center of the body

Answer 12

abduction

Question 13

body position without flexion or extension

Answer 13

neutral position

Question 14

Musculoskeletal disorders involve all except injury to the:
a. ligaments
b. acromion
c. tendons
d. nerves

Answer 14

b

Question 15

The most common location for WRMSK pain in a sonographer involves the:

Answer 15

shoulder

Question 16

A chronic work injury displays these signs:
a. aching, fatigue, stiffness, muscle or joint discomfort, and pain
b. aching, fatigue, stiffness, muscle or joint discomfort
c. aching, fatigue, stiffness, muscle or joint discomfort, pain, plus weakness or inability to hold objects
d. aching, fatigue, stiffness, muscle of joint discomfort, and headache

Answer 16

c

Question 17

One of the largest risk factors for MSKD is:

Answer 17

an awkward body position

Question 18

The ultrasound system monitor should be positioned approximately ____ inches from the sonographer’s face and eyes.

Answer 18

40

Question 19

Transducer cable twisting and weight can cause torque on a sonographer’s wrist. Select the best way to remedy wrist torque.
a. use cable supports
b. adjust control panel height
c. adjust chair height
d. rotate the monitor

Answer 19

a

Question 20

Choose the correct ergonomic statement.
a. Limit portable examinations that require static or awkward positions and forceful transducer handling
b. maintain scanning position
c. schedule like exam types together
d. use similiar motions for each examination

Answer 20

a

Question 21

Choose the correct wrist position for maintaining a healthy ergonomic position.
a. radial deviated
b. neutral
c. ventrally flexed
d. dorsally extended

Answer 21

b

Question 22

Select a cause for an unhealthy forceful transducer grip:
a. patient breathing
b. decreased carpal muscle integrity
c. lighter equipment
d. patient obesity

Answer 22

d

Question 23

Choose the correct suggested rest break to relieve muscle tension and increase joint and muscle flow during an extended ultrasound examination:
a. 1 minute break every 10 minutes
b. 30 to 60 second mini break every 20 minutes
c. 1 minute break every hour
d. 30 second mini break every 5 minutes

Answer 23

b

Question 24

MSKDs are the result of accumulated _____ over a prolonged time.

Answer 24

trauma

Question 25

WRMDKD means:

Answer 25

work related musculoskeletal disorder

Question 26

Patient ____ has led to the use of increasing axial force to acquire diagnostic images.

Answer 26

obesity

Question 27

Most ultrasound systems allow for independent monitoring positioning, _____, ______, and ______, providing a method to decrease neck flexion and extension.

Answer 27

tilt
angle
rotation

Question 28

It is known that WRMSKDs are a ______ process involving both personal and work behaviors.

Answer 28

cumulative

Question 29

With the overuse of the wrist, swelling occurs, compressing nerves and tendons, increasing the risk of developing _____ and _____.

Answer 29

carpal tunnel syndrome
deQuervian syndrom

Question 30

The most ergonomic sitting position is when the forearms and thighs are _____ to the floor.

Answer 30

parallel

Question 31

When sitting to perform an ultrasound examination, the feet should be ____.

Answer 31

flat

Question 32

To decrease the chance of developing back pain while scanning, maintain ______ spine alignment.

Answer 32

neutral

Question 33

Features of an ergonomic chair that will aid with controlling work injuries are ______, _______, and _______.

Answer 33

adjustable height
lumbar support
swivel of chair and back

Question 34

Work tasks that increase the potential for muscular injury

Answer 34

force
vibration
body positions
contact pressure
repetitive movements
temperature

Question 35

Demands out of sonographer’s control in the workplace

Answer 35

lack of control over job tasks
increased production demands
communication failures
missing task variety resulting in boredom
inability of management support
job insecurity

Question 36

Horizontal zone

Answer 36

close to your body allowing for approximately a 45-degree medial and lateral rotation of the arm

Question 37

Vertical zone

Answer 37

located between 80 and 100 degrees of elbow flexion