Chapter 16: Imaging the intrauterine device

Question 1

Within an organ or body cavity

Answer 1

Intracavitary

Question 2

Product inserted into the uterine cavity as a mechanism to prevent pregnancy or deliver hormones

Answer 2

Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD or IUCD)

Question 3

IUCD with synthetic progesterone embedded in a reservoir surrounding the shaft

Answer 3

Levonorgestrol (LNG-IUD)

Question 4

Relating to or causing death of an ovum

Answer 4

Ovicidal

Question 5

Material or tissue that blocks the passage of x-rays, with a bone or near-bone density. A radiopaque structure is white or nearly white on conventional x-rays.

Answer 5

Radiopaque

Question 6

Horn-shaped anatomical structure (as of the uterus). The uterine corpus are where the uterus and fallopian tubes meet.

Answer 6

Cornu

Question 7

Penetration into the myometrium, but not through the serosa

Answer 7

Embedment

Question 8

Penetration through the myometrium and serosa, either partially or completely with migration into the intraperitoneal cavity

Answer 8

Perforation

Question 9

Located either partially or completely through the external cervical os

Answer 9

Expulsion

Question 10

IUCD that is rotated from the normal transverse position or located away from the Fundus and within the lower uterine segment or cervix or lacks deployment of the wings

Answer 10

Displacement

Question 11

Form of permanent contraception using metallic coils or a silicone plug to obstruct the fallopian tubes

Answer 11

Transcervical tubal occlusion device

Question 12

Formation of calcium carbonate deposits on or near the IUD, demonstrated as uneven echoes surrounding the normal IUD echoes

Answer 12

Incrustation

Question 13

IUD that has been broken during expulsion or removal, including embedded removal strings

Answer 13

Fragmentation

Question 14

Serious condition in pregnant women in which the membranes that surround the fetus and the amniotic fluid are infected by bacteria

Answer 14

Chorioamnionitis

Question 15

Select the IUCD that has never been marketed in the United States.
A. Copper IUCD
B. Lipped loop
C. Chinese ring
D. Levonorgestrel IUCD

Answer 15

C

Question 16

Choose the false statement.
A. IUCD arms measure between 20 and 30 mm
B. Polyethylene monofilament retrieval strings attach to the base of the IUCD stem
C. An IUCD consists of T-shaped polyelthene frame
D. An IUCD shaft length measures 30 to 36 mm

Answer 16

A

Question 17

A mispositioned or expelled IUCD can be owing to:

Answer 17

Congenital malformation

Question 18

Expulsion risk of an IUCD is greatest in the:

Answer 18

First year of use

Question 19

Displacement of the IUCD occurs when an IUCD:

Answer 19

Is rotated from the normal transverse position

Question 20

IUCD position is best documented by:

Answer 20

CT

Question 21

The optimal position of the copper or hormone releasing IUCD is:

Answer 21

In the fundal portion of the endometrial cavity with the wings extending to the uterine cornua

Question 22

If the IUCD is visible or can be felt through the external cervical is, it is labeled as:

Answer 22

Partially expulsed

Question 23

IUCD perforation occurs more frequently in:

Answer 23

A fibroid uterus

Question 24

Select the incorrect statement.
A. Embedment of an IUCD often occurs at the time of insertion
B. The copper IUCD releases levonorgestrel ions
C. Embedment of an IUCD occurs through gradual penetration in the uterine wall
D. Patients with a displaced IUCD may be asymptomatic but present with a missing IUCD string

Answer 24

B

Question 25

Silicone impregnated matrix devices used for permanent birth control appear on sonography as:

Answer 25

Echogenic foci located on the lateral borders of the uterine cornua

Question 26

Uterine perforation by an IUCD may cause all except:
A. Vaginal bleeding
B. No symptoms
C. Tubal occlusion
D. Abdominal pain

Answer 26

C

Question 27

Essure is a permanent birth control that is no longer used in the United States. When used, where was it inserted?

Answer 27

Fallopian tube

Question 28

The risk of a pregnancy in a female with an IUCD is:

Answer 28

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 29

The two IUCD types marketed in the United States, which provide reversible contraception are:

Answer 29

Nonhormonal copper containing IUCDs
Hormone releasing devices

Question 30

An IUCD that moves from the uterine endometrium through the cervical os is known as an IUCD ______.

Answer 30

expulsion

Question 31

Transcervical tubal devices are a form of contraception introduced for women to achieve _______ contraception.

Answer 31

cost-effective

Question 32

The IUCD string is also known as the _____ string.

Answer 32

retrieval

Question 33

Leaving an IUCD in place with a viable pregnancy increases the rates of spontaneous ______, bleeding, premature ________, preterm delivery, ______, and fetal congenital malformation.

Answer 33

abortion
rupture of memebranes
chorioamnionitis

Question 34

The wings of the displaced IUCD often become _____ or can even _____ the uterine wall.

Answer 34

embedded
perforate

Question 35

All types of IUCDs should be located in the _______ portion of the endometrial cavity.

Answer 35

upper portion

Question 36

A properly positioned IUCD should appear as a ______ echogenic structure in the endometrium.

Answer 36

bright

Question 37

The older copper IUCDs can decrease in effectiveness owing to ______ (calcification).

Answer 37

incrustation

Question 38

A spiral shaped IUCD is a ______.

Answer 38

Lippes loop