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OBGYN 1 > Chapter 8: The Female Cycle > Flashcards

Chapter 8: The Female Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

the portion of an ovarian follicle filled with liquor folliculi. Spaces formed by the confluence of small lakes of follicular liquid in the ovary

A

antrum (follicular)

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2
Q

a vascular ovarian layer characterized by polyhedral cells that secrete estrogen. The cells are developed from stromal cells, which produce steroid hormones.

A

theca internat

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3
Q

a vascular ovarian layer characterized by polyhedral cells that secrete estrogen. The cells are developed from stromal cells, which produce steroid hormones.

A

theca interna

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4
Q

steps taken to increase concentration when a level is too low

A

positive feedback loop

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5
Q

the transformation of the mature ovarian follicle into a corpus luteum

A

luteinization

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6
Q

formed in the ovary when a follicle has matured and released its egg (ovum) after ovulation. The follicle becomes the corpus luteum that produces progesterone. Progesterone causes the lining of the uterus to thicken for egg implantation

A

corpus luteum

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7
Q

a steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum, whose function is to prepare and maintain the endometrium for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum

A

progesterone

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8
Q

absence of menstruation

A

amenorrhea

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9
Q

hormones secreted by the gonadotrope cells of the pituitary gland

A

gonadotropic protein

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10
Q

forward tipped uterus with the cervix and vaginal canal forming a 90-degree angle or less

A

retroverted

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11
Q

general term for female steroid sex hormones secreted by the ovary and responsible for female sexual characteristics

A

estrogen

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12
Q

abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation

A

menorrhagia

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13
Q

when concentration of a hormone rises above a certain level, a series of actions take place within a system to cause the concentration to fall. Conversely steps are taken to increase concentration when the level is too low

A

negative feedback

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14
Q

painful menstruation

A

dysmenorrhea

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15
Q

abnormally light or infrequent menstruation

A

oligomennorhea

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16
Q

a peritoneum ligament extending upward from the upper pole of the ovary

A

suspensory (infundibulopelvic) ligament

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17
Q

an outer layer of a mature follicle containing spindle-shaped cells that are incapable of hormone production

A

theca externa

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18
Q

the ligament that attaches to the uterus at the level of the cervix and from the superior part of the vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis. The cardinal ligament provides support to the uterus

A

cardinal ligament

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19
Q

a system of glands and cells the produce hormones released directly in the circulatory system

A

endocrine system

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20
Q

a uterus tilted posterior towards the rectum

A

anteverted

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21
Q

the mesentery of the uterus. It constitutes the majority of the broad ligament of the uterus, excluding only the portions adjacent to the uterine tube and ovary

A

mesometrium

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22
Q

endocrine cells located in the anterior pituitary that produce the gonadotropins; examples are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone

A

gonadotrope cell

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23
Q

area in the pelvic cavity between the rectum and the uterus that is likely to accumulate free fluid; alos known as the posterior cul-de-sac and the pouch of Douglas

A

rectouterine recess (pouch)

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24
Q

uterus angled forward toward the cervix

A

anteflexed

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25
Q

hormone produced by the anterior pituitary, which stimulates ovarian follicle production in females and sperm production in males

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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26
Q

a backward angle of the uterine fundus in relation to the cervix

A

retroflexed

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27
Q

a mature, fully developed ovarian cyst containing the ripe ovum

A

Graafian follicle

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28
Q

outer serosal layer of the uterus, equivalent to the peritoneum

A

perimetrium

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29
Q

the ligament with a peritoneal fold that also supports the fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. It connects sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis.

A

broad ligament

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30
Q

frequent irregular periods

A

polymenorrhea

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31
Q

male hormones produced in small quantities by the female ovaries and adrenal glands, with the greatest quantities occurring at the midpoint of a woman’s menstrual cycle

A

androgens

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32
Q

regulates the release of FSH and LH by gonadotropes from the anterior pituitary

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

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33
Q

Which is not a uterine layer?
a. myometrium
b. endometrium
c. serometrium
d. perimetrium

A

c

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34
Q

Changes in the endometrium, which constitutes the menstrual cycle, are preparation for:

A

fertilized ovum arrival

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35
Q

Female reproductive cycle is defined as:

A

span from menarche (beginning of menstrual function) to menopause (cessation of menstrual function)

36
Q

Endometrial sloughing is caused by:

A

decreasing levels of progesterone

37
Q

Which statement correctly describes fallopian tube anatomy?
a. the widest portion of the fallopian tube is the isthmus
b. the fimbrae connect to the uterine cornua
c. the infundibulum is the distal funnel-shaped portion of the fallopian tube
d. the isthmus contains finger-like projections called fimbraie.

A

c

38
Q

Normal ovaries are oval shaped and measure approximately:

A

5 x 3 1.5 cm

39
Q

The lowest portion of the uterus is:

A

cervix

40
Q

Endocrine hormones secreted by the hypothalamus control reproductive events. Choose which is not related to the female cycle:
a. GnRH
b. LH
c. FSH
d. CCK

A

d

41
Q

Designate the cranial structure that is essential for surivival and reproduction:

A

hypothalamus

42
Q

Secondary amennorhea is described as:

A

women who have started menstruation then had an absence of their menses for three cycles or 6 months

43
Q

Select the correct statement.
a. Ovaries increase estrogen production during menopause
b. menopause and postmenopause are interchangeable terms
c. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) causes frequent menstruation
d. PCOS is related to anovulation

A

d

44
Q

Amenorrhea is:

A

absence of menstruation

45
Q

Hormone replacement therapy may cause:

A

decreased ovarian volume

46
Q

The luteal phase:

A

begins after ovulation

47
Q

Choose the function that FSH is not involved with:
a. progression of the menstrual cycle
b. spermatogenesis in men
c. ovarian follicle development
d. ova maturation

A

a

48
Q

Chose the female chemical responsible for thickening of the endometrium.

A

estrogen

49
Q

a sharp rise in LH, known as “LH surge: is responsible for:

A

ripening of the Graafian follicle

50
Q

Theca cells begin secreting estrogen:

A

at pubery

51
Q

The number of oocytes in each ovary at puberty is approximation:

A

300,000

52
Q

Polymennhorheic is:

A

a menstrual cycle length that is less than 21 dayts

53
Q

Changes in endometrial thickness are not associated with:

A

Homogenous exhotexture

54
Q

Ovarian measurements are determined:

A

On views in two orthogonal planes and three dimensions: length width and depth

55
Q

What phase of the menstrual cycle do follicles become dominant?

A

Mid to late proliferative

56
Q

During the late proliferative phase, the endometrium thickens to approximately:

A

5-11 mm

57
Q

The triple line (three line sign) indicates the ______ stage.

A

Late proliferative

58
Q

Amenorrhea is:

A

Menstrual cessation

59
Q

Ultrasound is ordered in the post menopausal patient most often for:

A

Vaginal bleeding

60
Q

A thin layer separates the basal layer and the inner functional layer. The thin layer is:

A

Echogenic

61
Q

A 9 to 14 mm endometrium in the secretory phase appears:

A

echogenic with posterior enhancement

62
Q

A female baby is born with approximately ______ oocytes in each ovary.

A

1 million

63
Q

The uterus, fallopian tubes, two _____, cervix, _____, and the mammary glands make up the female reproductive internal organs.

A

Ovaries
Vagina

64
Q

The three uterine anatomical sections are ____, _______, and _____.

A

Fundus
Body
Cervix

65
Q

The two fallopian tubes are also known as ______ or ______.

A

Uterine tubes
Oviducts

66
Q

Fimbriae sweep the ____ into the lumen of the fallopian tube.

A

Egg

67
Q

The _____ ligament attaches to the uterus at the level of the cervix and from the superior part of the vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis.

A

Cardinal

68
Q

Located in the diencephalon, is the hypothalamus, which is positioned in the human _____.

A

Brain

69
Q

The hypothalamus secretes hormones that stimulate and suppress the release of hormones in the ______ gland.

A

Pituitary

70
Q

A female with abnormally light menstruation is diagnosed with ______.

A

Oligomenorrhea

71
Q

Follicles house _____.

A

Eggs

72
Q

Ovaries function as ______ and endocrine glands.

A

Gonads

73
Q

Menstrual cycles can range from ____ to ____ days in adults and ____ to ____ days in teens.

A

21-35
21-45

74
Q

FSH is primarily responsible for promoting ______ development within the ovary.

A

Follicle

75
Q

LH is necessary for growth of ______ follicles and ovulation of the dominant follicle.

A

Preovulatory

76
Q

Endometrial maturation is caused by the hormone ______.

A

Progesterone

77
Q

If fertilized egg implantation does not occur, the levels of ____ and _____ decrease, causing sloughing of the endometrium.

A

FSH
LH

78
Q

Two layers surround a developing follicle: ______ and ______.

A

Theca interna
Theca externa

79
Q

______ stimulates the endometrium to thicken before ovulation.

A

Progesterone

80
Q

The three phases of the ovarian cycle are _____, _____, and _____.

A

Follicular
Ovulatory
Luteal

81
Q

Meiotic arrest of primary oocytes occurs until _____.

A

Puberty

82
Q

The endometrium should be measured on the _______ image, to include the anterior and posterior portions of the _____endometrium.

A

Midline Sagittal
Basal

83
Q

Two layers of endometrium are shed during menses, _______ and ________.

A

Stratum compactum
Stratum spongiosum

84
Q

When menstrual bleeding stops, the _______ phase begins.

A

Postmenopause

85
Q

Ultrasound imaging during the secretory phase demonstrates a uniformly _____ endometrium.

A

Hyperechoic

86
Q

The most common hormonal disorder among reproductive age women is _____.

A

PCOS

87
Q

HRT is _______.

A

Hormone replacement therapy

OBGYN 1 (18 decks)

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