Chapter 13: Malignant Disease of the Uterus and Cervix

Question 1

Malignant tumor arising from any glandular organ

Answer 1

adenocarcinoma

Question 2

Naturally occurring steroid hormone, accessible as a dietary supplement, and believed to increase serum testosterone levels

Answer 2

androstenedione

Question 3

Any substance that blocks or modifies the action of estrogen

Answer 3

antiestrogen

Question 4

prevents the development, growth, or proliferation of malignant cells

Answer 4

antineoplastic

Question 5

procedure that involves placing radioactive inside the body to treat cancer

Answer 5

brachytherapy

Question 6

narrowing or obstruction of the cervical canal caused by an acquired condition

Answer 6

cervical stenosis

Question 7

metatastic type of persistent trophoblastic neoplasia that can result from any type of pregnancy, but most often occurs with a molar pregnancy

Answer 7

choriocarcinoma

Question 8

malignant layer of cells that form in the endometrium; presents with abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity and irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Answer 8

endometrial carcinoma

Question 9

condition that results from estrogen stimulation to the endometrium without the influence of progestin, frequent cause of bleeding, especially in postmenopausal women

Answer 9

endometrial hyperplasia

Question 10

pedunculated or sessile mass growing from the endometrium

Answer 10

endometrial polyp

Question 11

tumor that microscopically resembles endometrial tissue

Answer 11

endometrioid

Question 12

variant of placental site trophoblastic tumor

Answer 12

epithelioid trophoblastic tumor

Question 13

Malignancy of the fallopian tube that is also linked to BRCA-1 and BRCA-2; adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type

Answer 13

fallopian tube carcinoma

Question 14

rare earth metallic element possessing paramagnetic properties used in contrast media for MRI

Answer 14

Gadolinium

Question 15

group of rare diseases in which abnormal trophoblast cells overtake and complicate pregnancy and propagated throughout the uterine cavity; these tumors arise from the placental chorionic villi after conception

Answer 15

gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

Question 16

estrogen-secreting tumor that arises from granulosa cells. These tumors are part of the sex cord-gonadal stromal category and present as large, complex ovarian masses

Answer 16

granulosa cell tumor

Question 17

Hormone produced by chorionic cells in the fetal part of the placenta and found in the urine and blood of pregnant women; elevated levels are found with GTN.

Answer 17

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 18

virus that is transmitted through sexual contact and produces lesions on the mucous membranes; most commonly sexually transmitted infection and considered a causative factor in cervical carcinoma

Answer 18

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Question 19

watery discharge sometimes present with fallopian tube carcincoma

Answer 19

hydrops tubae profluens

Question 20

form of persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia typically deriving from a hydatidiform mole that invades into the myometrium

Answer 20

invasive mole

Question 21

benign tumor composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue that occurs in the uterus

Answer 21

leiomyoma

Question 22

malignant uterine tumor composed of smooth muscles cells and fibrous connective tissue; sonographically, it appears like a benign leiomyoma

Answer 22

leiomyosarcoma

Question 23

process by which cancer spreads from a primary source to distant locations in the body

Answer 23

metastases

Question 24

drug that inhibits cellular reproduction; used primarily in the treatment of psoriasis, various malignant neoplastic diseases, and as an immunosuppressive agent

Answer 24

methotrexate

Question 25

cytologic study (developed by George Nicholas Papanicolaou) used to detect cancer in cells that an organ has shed; used most often in the diagnosis and prevention of cervical cancer and also valuable in the detection of pleural or peritoneal malignancies

Answer 25

Pap smear

Question 26

Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures; usually caused by an ascending infection from the vagina and cervix to the upper portions of the female reproductive tract

Answer 26

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 27

Malignant end of the GTN spectrum; this group of life-threatening diseases persists most often from a molar pregnancy

Answer 27

persistent trophoblastic neoplasia (PTN)

Question 28

inherited disorder characterized by the presence of polyps of the small intestine and melanin pigmentation of the lips, mucosa, fingers, and toes; anemia from the intestinal polyps is common

Answer 28

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Question 29

Type of PTN that usually occers several years after a normal term pregnancy

Answer 29

Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)

Question 30

Complex disorder involving infrequent, irregular menstrual cycles and often excess male hormone (androgen) levels

Answer 30

polycystic ovarian syndrome

Question 31

growth similar to a polyp

Answer 31

polypoid

Question 32

calculation of Doppler measurements of systolic and diastolic velocities during a specified cardiac cycle; like the resistive index, it is used to assess the resistance in a pulsatile vascular system

Answer 32

Pulsatility Index (PI)

Question 33

Treatment technique that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors; deters the proliferation of malignant cells by decreasing mitosis or by impairing DNA synthesis

Answer 33

Radiation therapy

Question 34

a drug that blocks hormone receptors helping reduce breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women

Answer 34

raloxifine

Question 35

calculated flow parameter in ultrasound used to assess the resistance in a pulsatile vascular system

Answer 35

Resistive Index (RI) (Pourcelot index)

Question 36

surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries

Answer 36

salpino-oophorectomy

Question 37

(True positive rate) measures the proportion of those individuals having some condition and who are correctly identified as having the condition

Answer 37

sensitivity

Question 38

injection of sterile saline into the uterine cavity under ultrasound guidance; this procedure allows for good visualization of the endometrial borders to rule out pathology

Answer 38

sonohysterography

Question 39

(True negative rate) measures the proportion of those individuals who do not have the condition and who are correctly identified as not having the condition

Answer 39

specificity

Question 40

slow-growing malignant tumor composed of squamous epithelium, most common type of cervical cancer

Answer 40

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 41

type of leiomyoma that deforms the uterine cavity and can cause heavy and irregular menses

Answer 41

submucosal leiomyoma

Question 42

nonsteroidal antiestrogen compound that is used for the treatment of breast cancer

Answer 42

tamoxifen

Question 43

causing congenital anomalies or birth defects

Answer 43

teratogenic

Question 44

_____ is a non steroidal antiestrogen compound prescribed for the treatment of _____ cancer.

Answer 44

Tamoxifen Breast

Question 45

The most common clinical presentation of endometrial adenocarcinoma is _______.

Answer 45

Uterine bleeding

Question 46

An endometrium measuring greater than _____ in Postmenopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy is suspect for endometrial carcinoma.

Answer 46

5mm

Question 47

3D ultrasound is used to diagnose endometrial and cervical cancers. It can detect the infiltration of cancer into the adjacent structures, ______, and _____.

Answer 47

Bladder Rectum

Question 48

When pelvic lesions are seen, not the presence of pelvic or abdominal ______.

Answer 48

Metastases

Question 49

The lower cervical lining is covered by cells that can develop into _______ carcinoma.

Answer 49

Squamous cell

Question 50

Tumors of the fallopian tube which cause profuse watery discharge are known as ________.

Answer 50

Hydros tubae profluens

Question 51

Cystic changes within the endometrium are more likely to be the result of ______, ______, or _____ but may also be seen with cancer.

Answer 51

Endometrial atrophy Hyperplasia Polyps

Question 52

Cervical cancer is usually asymptomatic in early stages and is often detect by _____.

Answer 52

Pap test

Question 53

The greater risk factor for the development of cervical carcinoma is infection by _____.

Answer 53

HPV

Question 54

Cervical cancer prognosis depends on tumor ____, tumor _____, and patient _____.

Answer 54

Size Stage Age

Question 55

Along with the EV ultrasound approach, _____ and _____ methods are also used to define the cervix.

Answer 55

Translabial Transperineal

Question 56

The appearance of a bulky cervix on ultrasound may be caused by a ______ prolapsing from the lower uterine segment.

Answer 56

Leiomyoma

Question 57

Persistent trophoblastic neoplasia can occur after any pregnancy, but the greatest incidence is with _______.

Answer 57

Hyadatidform mole

Question 58

Endovaginal sonography is essential for diagnosing persistent trophoblastic neoplasia because many of these myometrial lesions are _____.

Answer 58

Small

Question 59

Intramural fibroids undergoing degeneration may resemble invasive ______ tissue.

Answer 59

Molar

Question 60

Choriocarcinoma had an absence of ______. Whereas invasive mole contains it.

Answer 60

Chorionic villi

Question 61

Cervical _____ results in hematometra.

Answer 61

Stenosis

Question 62

Treatment for endometrial cancer, leiomyosarcoma, or fallopian tube carcinoma is ______.

Answer 62

Total abdominal hysterectomy

Question 63

Symptoms that include vaginal discharge, postcoital bleeding, bladder irritability, and low back pain are often related to ______.

Answer 63

Carcinoma of the cervix